Sort the sources before you write a word
- Most weak synthesis essays were decided before the first sentence — at the sorting stage.
- Sorting sources by side gives you two piles and a paragraph per pile.
- Sorting them by something else gives you an argument.
“For” and “against” are easy piles to make. Unfortunately, piles do not argue.
ソースを立場別に分類すると...
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分類の決定は、書き始める前にエッセイの形を決定する。
Two ways to open a paragraph
- Weak: name a source, then say what it says.
- Strong: state a claim of your own, then bring sources in to defend it.
- The order decides whether the paragraph belongs to you or to the sources.
統合段落は、使用予定のソース名を冒頭で明記して始めるべきである。
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自身の主張で始め、それを支持するためにソースを取り込む。
Using more than one source in a claim
- The strongest synthesis sentences hold two sources at once and say something about the relationship.
- "Both X and Y argue Z, but for reasons that do not survive together."
- That sentence could not be written from either source alone — which is the definition of integration.
どの導入部か？
各導入部を、その段落が筆者のものになるかどうかで並べ替えよ。
最も強い統合文は、____のソースを一度に持ち込み、それらの関係について述べる。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
単一のソースだけで書ける文は、何も統合していない。
Sorting sources by side is the decision that produces a low-scoring essay, before a word is written. Two piles give you two paragraphs of summary. Sort by perspective, method, or what each source is in a position to know instead.
各出典表示様式と、その効果に対応させよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
文内の出典表示は2つの役割を同時に果たす。
Citing as you go
- Attribute inside the sentence rather than in a separate announcement.
- "As Source C's figures show, ..." attributes and integrates at the same time.
- "Source C says the following: ..." announces, and then the reader waits.
このレッスンが示す統合段落のチェック項目をすべて選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
長さはチェック項目の一つではない。
Checking a synthesis paragraph
- Delete every source name and read what is left. Is there still a claim? There should be.
- Now check whether that claim appears in any single source. It should not.
- A claim that survives both tests is yours, built from theirs.
Two students use the same six sources. One writes "For" and "Against" and fills each. The other notices that the supporting sources are all administrators and the opposing ones all participants — and writes a paragraph about who is in a position to see what. Same sources, one argument.
Sort sources by something other than side. Open each paragraph with your own claim, then bring sources in. The strongest sentences hold two sources at once and say something about their relationship, and attribution belongs inside the sentence.