Respirasi seluler
International Baccalaureate · IB Diploma · Biology · SL Topik 17 4:33 Narasi bahasa Inggris · Subtitle bahasa Inggris + 中文 disematkan langsung
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A muscle can use oxygen while you exercise without producing a flame.
肌肉在运动时可以利用氧气，而不会产生火焰。
Respiration 呼吸作用 transfers energy through a controlled series of reactions.
呼吸作用通过一系列受控反应来传递能量。
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water from organic substrates.
有氧呼吸利用氧气，并从有机底物中释放二氧化碳和水。
Energy released can support ATP, adenosine triphosphate formation.
释放的能量可用于三磷酸腺苷的形成。
ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to processes such as active transport and muscle contraction.
ATP水解可与主动运输和肌肉收缩等过程偶联。
Respiration refers to cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates.
呼吸作用是指细胞内从底物转移能量的反应。
ATP is a molecule that couples energy transfers in cells.
ATP是一种在细胞内偶联能量转移的分子。
Anaerobic processes allow ATP production when oxygen supply cannot support the required aerobic rate, but give less ATP per glucose.
当氧气供应无法支持所需的有氧呼吸速率时，无氧过程可产生ATP，但每分子葡萄糖产生的ATP较少。
In humans, lactate can accumulate.
在人类体内，乳酸可能积累。
Yeast can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
酵母可产生乙醇和二氧化碳。
In the lab: A respirometer can measure oxygen uptake when carbon dioxide is absorbed.
在实验室中，当二氧化碳被吸收时，呼吸计可以测量氧气消耗量。
Control temperature with a water bath and use a comparison containing inert material.
使用水浴控制温度，并使用含有惰性材料的对照组。
Keep absorbent separated from organisms and follow the school risk assessment.
将吸收剂与生物体隔开，并遵守学校的风险评估要求。
Known: oxygen uptake is 0.80 cubic centimetres in 4.0 minutes for 2.0 g of tissue.
已知：2.0 克组织在 4.0 分钟内吸收 0.80 立方厘米氧气。
Rate per mass is volume divided by the product of time and mass.
单位质量速率等于体积除以时间与质量的乘积。
Rate equals 0.80 divided by the product of 4.0 and 2.0, which equals 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram.
速率等于 0.80 除以 4.0 与 2.0 的乘积，即每克每分钟 0.10 立方厘米。
Normalizing allows a fairer comparison of samples of different mass.
归一化后，质量不同的样本才能更公平地比较。
Your turn: 0.60 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue.
轮到你了：2.0克组织在3.0分钟内消耗了0.60立方厘米。
Find the mass-specific rate.
求比质量速率。
Pause the video and work it out.
请暂停视频，自己算一算。
Check: 0.60 divided by 3.0, divided by 2.0, gives 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram.
核对：0.60 ÷ 3.0 ÷ 2.0，得每克每分钟 0.10 立方厘米。
Breathing ventilates the lungs. Respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells.
呼吸使肺部通气；细胞呼吸由细胞内的化学反应组成。
A moving respirometer marker can also reflect temperature or pressure changes.
移动的气体代谢计指示器也可能反映温度或压力的变化。
Not true: Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process.
不正确。 呼吸和细胞呼吸不是同一个过程。
Breathing is ventilation - moving air in and out of the lungs.
呼吸是通气，即空气进出肺部。
Cellular respiration is the set of chemical reactions in cells that transfers energy from glucose.
细胞呼吸是细胞内转移葡萄糖能量的一系列化学反应。
The names overlap but the processes are different.
这两个名称相似，但过程不同。
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water from organic substrates.
有氧呼吸利用氧气，并从有机底物中释放二氧化碳和水。
Anaerobic processes allow ATP production when oxygen supply cannot support the required aerobic rate, but give less ATP per glucose.
无氧过程在氧气供应无法支持所需有氧速率时允许ATP生成，但每分子葡萄糖产生的ATP较少。
Watch for breathing ventilates the lungs; respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells.
请注意：呼吸是指肺部的通气；细胞呼吸则是指细胞内的化学反应。
0.84 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue.
2.0 g 组织在 3.0 分钟内消耗了 0.84 立方厘米。
Find the mass-specific rate.
求质量比速率。
Breathing is not cellular respiration.
呼吸作用不等于细胞呼吸。
The result is a rate of 0.14 cubic centimetres per minute per gram.
结果是速率为每克每分钟0.14立方厘米。
Soda lime absorbs the carbon dioxide the seeds release, so the bead moves only as oxygen is used.
碱石灰吸收种子释放的二氧化碳，所以液滴只随氧气消耗而移动。
Its distance per minute measures the rate.
每分钟移动的距离可以衡量呼吸速率。
Fictional samples use 0.8 cubic centimetres in 4 minutes for 2 grams, and 0.6 cubic centimetres in 3 minutes for 1 gram.
虚构样本中，两克样品在四分钟内消耗零点八立方厘米，一克样品在三分钟内消耗零点六立方厘米。
Compare mass-specific uptake and specify one control.
请比较质量特异性吸收量，并指出一个对照条件。
The uptakes are 0.10 and 0.20 cubic centimetres per minute per gram.
两个样本的耗氧速率分别是每克每分钟 0.10 和 0.20 立方厘米。
The second is twice as high after normalization.
归一化后，第二个是第一个的两倍。
Control temperature and pressure changes with a suitable comparison; uptake is not the same measurement as breathing rate.
应通过合适的对照控制温度和气压变化；耗氧量与呼吸频率不是同一种测量。
Pause and check yourself. Explain each point on screen in your own words, then change one number in the last example and say which assumption must still hold.
暂停一下，自我检查：用自己的话解释屏幕上的每个要点，再改动最后一个例子中的一个数字，说明哪个假设仍然必须成立。