Laporan ucapan
IntroducedMenyampaikan ucapan orang lain
- Reported speech menyampaikan apa yang seseorang katakan — tanpa tanda kutip.
- Kalimat langsung: "I am tired," he said.
- Kalimat tidak langsung: He said he was tired.
He said he was early. The clock reported a different story.
say dan tell
- say (that) … — tanpa pendengar: She said she was busy.
- tell someone (that) … — dengan pendengar: She told me she was busy.
- Kata that bisa dihilangkan.
Lengkapi dengan say atau tell: He ___ me that he was busy.
“tell” memerlukan pendengar (me): “He told me …”. “say” tidak.
Backshift tense
- Ketika kata kerja penyampai berada dalam bentuk lampau (said, told), tense bergeser satu langkah ke belakang.
- am / is → was; are → were; will → would; can → could.
- present perfect / past simple → past perfect.
Ucapan langsung → laporan ucapan
Geser tense ke belakang, ubah kata ganti, dan sesuaikan kata waktu.
Laporkan ini: She said, “I will help you.”
Setelah “said”, will bergeser ke would: “She said she would help me.”
Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris: 他说他累了。
Backshift setelah “said”: is → was: “He said he was tired.”
Pronomina dan kata waktu berubah
- I → he / she, you → me, my → his / her.
- now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day.
Dalam laporan ucapan, apakah “tomorrow” sering berubah menjadi “the next day”?
Ya — kata waktu juga bergeser: tomorrow → the next day, now → then.
Kesalahan umum
- ❌ He said me that he was busy. → ✓ He told me… / He said… — tell memerlukan orang, say tidak.
- ❌ She asked me where did I live. → ✓ …where I lived. — susunan kalimat pernyataan, tanpa did.
- ❌ He said he will come tomorrow. → ✓ …he would come the next day.
Cocokkan ucapan langsung dengan bentuk laporannya.
Backshift: am → was, will → would, can → could.
Laporkan pertanyaan: “Are you busy?”
Pertanyaan yes/no dilaporkan dengan if / whether + urutan pernyataan.
- say (tanpa pendengar) / tell + seseorang.
- Kata kerja penyampai lampau → backshift (is → was, will → would).
- Pronomina dan kata waktu juga berubah (tomorrow → the next day).
Pikirkan apa yang dikatakan seorang teman. Laporkan dalam satu kalimat menggunakan “said” atau “told” (dengan backshift).
Contoh: “My friend told me she had passed the exam.”