Present perfect — masa lalu bertemu sekarang
IntroducedMenghubungkan masa lalu dengan sekarang
- Present perfect menghubungkan aksi masa lalu ke sekarang.
- I have finished my homework. (jadi saya bebas sekarang)
- Ini tentang pengalaman atau masa lalu baru-baru ini — bukan waktu spesifik.
I have finished my homework; the sofa is delighted.
Bentuk: have / has + past participle
- have / has + past participle (he / she / it → has).
- I have seen it. She has gone home.
- Past participle: beraturan = -ed; tidak beraturan → do → done, see → seen, be → been.
Kalimat mana yang menggunakan present perfect?
Present perfect = have/has + past participle: "has lost".
Lengkapi: I have ___ (do) my homework.
Past participle dari "do" adalah "done": I have done.
ever, never, just, already, yet
- ever (dalam pertanyaan) / never → pengalaman.
- just = sesaat yang lalu; already = lebih cepat dari yang diharapkan.
- yet diletakkan di akhir kalimat negatif/pertanyaan ("so far / masih belum").
- Have you ever been to London? I've just eaten. He hasn't finished yet.
for dan since
- for + durasi waktu → for three years.
- since + titik awal → since 2020.
- I have lived here for five years. We've known each other since 2018.
for atau since?
Gunakan 'for' dengan durasi waktu, 'since' dengan titik awal.
Pilih kata yang benar: I have lived here ___ 2019.
2019 adalah titik awal → gunakan "since". Gunakan "for" dengan durasi waktu.
Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris: 我在这里住了五年了。
Masih berlaku sekarang → present perfect dengan for: "I have lived here for five years."
Kesalahan umum
- ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✓ I saw him yesterday. — waktu pasti di masa lalu → past simple.
- ❌ I live here for ten years. → ✓ I have lived here for ten years. — masih berlaku sekarang → present perfect.
- ❌ Have you ever went to Beijing? → ✓ Have you ever been to Beijing?
Cocokkan kata kerja dengan past participle-nya (bentuk have/has).
Participle adalah bentuk ketiga: do–did–done, see–saw–seen, eat–ate–eaten, be–was–been.
Tom isn't here. He has ___ to the bank.
gone = dia pergi dan masih jauh; been = dia pergi dan sudah kembali.
- Present perfect menghubungkan masa lalu → sekarang.
- Bentuk: have / has + past participle.
- for + durasi waktu; since + titik awal.
Tulis satu kalimat tentang tempat yang pernah kamu kunjungi, menggunakan present perfect (have/has been to ...).
Contoh: "I have been to Shanghai." (have + been)