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IB Diploma Programme · IB Diploma · Biology · HL נושא 23 3:43 קריאת קול באנגלית · תרגום אנגלי + סינית שרוף בתוך הסרטון
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תרגום טקסט
Two cell types encounter the same signal but respond differently.
两种细胞类型遇到相同的信号，但反应不同。
Their receptors 受体 and internal pathways determine what follows.
它们的受体和内部通路决定了后续结果。
A signalling molecule binds a compatible receptor.
信号分子与相匹配的受体结合。
Receptor activation can initiate signal transduction through intracellular molecules.
受体被激活后，可以通过细胞内分子启动信号转导。
The resulting response may change enzyme activity, transport, or gene expression.
由此产生的反应可能改变酶活性、物质运输或基因表达。
A signal need not enter the cell to cause an effect.
信号不必进入细胞也能产生作用。
A receptor is a molecule that binds a compatible signal, and signal transduction is the conversion of signal reception into intracellular changes.
受体是能与相匹配信号结合的分子，信号转导是把信号接收转化为细胞内变化的过程。
Distinguish signal reception, transduction, and response.
区分信号接收、转导和反应。
Amplification can allow a small extracellular change to produce a larger intracellular effect.
放大作用可使微小的胞外变化产生更大的胞内效应。
Different receptors or pathways can give different responses to one signal.
不同的受体或通路可对同一信号产生不同的反应。
In the lab: Use an attributed dataset comparing signal concentration and response.
在实验室中，使用包含信号浓度与响应比较的标注数据集。
Include an untreated control and, where supplied, receptor-blocking evidence.
需包含未处理对照组，并在数据提供时加入受体阻断证据。
Do not infer the whole pathway from a concentration-response graph alone.
切勿仅凭浓度-响应图推断整个通路。
Known: response increases from 20 to 80 units.
已知：响应从 20 增加到 80 个单位。
Fold change equals 80 divided by 20, which is 4.
倍数变化等于 80 除以 20，即 4。
Percentage increase equals 80 minus 20, all over 20, times 100, which is 300 percent.
百分比增加等于 80 减 20，再除以 20，乘以 100，即 300%。
A fourfold final value is not a 400 percent increase.
最终值变为四倍，并非增加了 400%。
Your turn: Response rises from 10 to 50 units.
请作答。 响应从 10 增加到 50 个单位。
Calculate the fold change.
请计算倍数变化。
Pause the video and work it out.
请暂停视频，自己算一算。
Check: 50 divided by 10 is a 5-fold change.
核对：50 ÷ 10，变化为 5 倍。
A receptor is not interchangeable with every signaling molecule.
受体不能与所有信号分子通用。
Greater signal concentration does not imply unlimited response once the system saturates.
一旦系统饱和，更高的信号浓度并不意味着反应会无限增加。
Not true: Fourfold final response means a 400% increase from baseline.
不正确。 四倍最终反应并不意味着比基线增加了400%。
A fold change is a ratio of final to initial; a percentage increase is the change relative to the initial value.
倍数变化是最终值与初始值的比值，而百分比增加是相对于初始值的变化量。
A fourfold final value means a 300% increase, so "fourfold" and "400%" are not interchangeable.
四倍的最终值意味着增加了300%，因此“四倍”和“400%”不能互换使用。
A signalling molecule binds a compatible receptor.
信号分子与相容的受体结合。
Distinguish signal reception, transduction and response.
区分信号接收、转导和响应。
Watch for: A receptor is not interchangeable with every signalling molecule.
注意：受体不能与所有信号分子互换。
A response rises from 12 units to 36 units.
反应从 12 个单位上升到 36 个单位。
Find the fold change and the percentage increase.
求倍数变化和百分比增幅。
A threefold value is not a 300 percent increase.
三倍值不等于 300% 的增幅。
The result is a threefold rise, which is a 200 percent increase.
结果是上升到三倍，即增加200%。
A ligand travels from the signalling cell and binds a matching receptor.
配体从信号细胞出发，与匹配的受体结合。
Only a target cell with that receptor responds.
只有带有该受体的靶细胞才会产生反应。
A fictional response changes from 20 to 60 units with ligand dose.
虚构的响应随配体剂量从20变为60个单位。
Find fold change and percentage increase.
求倍数变化和百分比增加量。
Why does this not show that three times as many receptors exist?
为什么这不能说明受体数量增加了三倍？
The final value is threefold, a 200 percent increase.
最终值是原来的三倍，即增加了 200%。
Signal amplification, saturation and normalization can alter response; receptor abundance needs its own measurement.
信号放大、饱和以及归一化都可能改变反应强度；受体的数量需要单独测量。
Pause and check yourself. Explain each point on screen in your own words, then change one number in the last example and say which assumption must still hold.
暂停一下，自我检查：用自己的话解释屏幕上的每个要点，再改动最后一个例子中的一个数字，说明哪个假设仍然必须成立。