Motor control: feedback, timing and evidence
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| augmented feedback/ɔːɡˈmentɪd ˈfiːdbæk/ | משוב מוגבר |
| knowledge of results/ˈnɒlɪdʒ ɒv rɪˈzʌlts/ | מידע על תוצאות |
What would explain this observation?
- A learner adjusts a slow movement after seeing an error, but a very fast action may end before visual feedback can change it. Timing constrains the role of feedback.
Build the model
- Open-loop control emphasizes a pre-organized command during an action; closed-loop control uses feedback to compare the result with a goal and modify control.
- Many sporting actions combine feedforward preparation with feedback.
- Intrinsic feedback arises from the performer’s sensory information, while augmented feedback 附加反馈 is additional information supplied by another source.
- augmented feedback: Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback.
- knowledge of results 结果反馈: Feedback about the outcome of an action.
Which comparison best examines persistence after practice?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Persistence means the skill survives without support, so a delayed test with no practice prompts is the right comparison. The best prompted attempt measures ceiling under help, and unequal attempt counts make groups incomparable.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Distinguish knowledge of results from knowledge of performance.
- A score reports the outcome; a description of arm position reports movement features.
- Feedback can guide practice, yet immediate success with continuous prompts may not persist when prompts are removed.
- Retention and transfer therefore provide stronger learning evidence than one practice score.
In the lab: Use a voluntary, low-risk seated target or tracing task. Define the outcome, keep practice opportunities equal, give an agreed feedback schedule and assess delayed performance without feedback. Counterbalance group order where feasible and use anonymous records. Do not claim the task completely models elite performance.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: one trial provides 20 attempts and 14 successes, or 70%.
- A delayed no-feedback test provides 20 attempts and 10 successes, or 50%.
- The decline is 20 percentage points, not a 20% relative decline; relative decline is (14−10)/14 ×100, approximately 28.6%.
- The observation supports investigating dependence on prompts, not a guaranteed explanation.
Your turn: Success rate changes from 80% in practice to 55% in retention. Find the decrease in percentage points.
Success rate changes from 80% in practice to 55% in retention. Find the decrease in percentage points.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The result is 25 percentage points. Known: success 80% in practice, 55% in retention. Decrease = 80 - 55 = 25 percentage points. As a relative decline that is (80 - 55)/80 x 100 = 31.25% - the two measures answer different questions.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Open-loop and closed-loop are models, not a claim that an athlete’s nervous system uses only one mechanism.
- Feedback timing, task complexity and sensory availability affect what can be inferred.
Not true: A strong score with continuous prompts proves lasting motor learning. Prompted performance includes the prompt's help. When prompts stop, scores often fall, so a strong practice score is evidence of learning only if a delayed unassisted test confirms it.
- Open-loop control emphasizes a pre-organized command during an action; closed-loop control uses feedback to compare the result with a goal and modify control.
- Distinguish knowledge of results from knowledge of performance.
- Watch for: open-loop and closed-loop are models, not a claim that an athlete’s nervous system uses only one mechanism.
Write from a fall of 30 percentage points
- A practice success rate is 60 percent. A delayed no-feedback test is 30 percent.
- Find the fall in percentage points. A prompted practice score does not prove lasting learning.
A strong score with continuous prompts proves lasting motor learning.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Prompted performance includes the prompt's help. When prompts stop, scores often fall, so a strong practice score is evidence of learning only if a delayed unassisted test confirms it.
Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback: write the technical term.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
augmented feedback means Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback.
Success changes from 60 percent in practice to 30 percent in a delayed no-feedback test. What is the fall in percentage points, and why is the practice score not proof of lasting learning?
Percentage-point change is the second rate subtracted from the first. Relative change divides that gap by the starting rate.
What is the fall from practice to the delayed test?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
60 minus 30 is 30 percentage points. Dividing that gap by 60 gives the 50 percent relative decline. Other options — 50 percent (the relative decline); 60 percent (the practice score).