Market failure and equity
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| common-access resource/ˈkɒmən ˈækses rɪˈzɔːs/ | משאב עם גישה משותפת |
| equity/ˈekwɪti/ | צדק |
A decision you can investigate
- A fishing ground is open to many boats. Each boat gains from its own catch while reducing stocks for all.
- Access rules and resource renewal affect the result.
Build the explanation
- A common-access resource 公共资源 is rival and non-excludable. A public good is non-rival and non-excludable.
- For a negative production externality, MSC exceeds MPC, and the market may produce more than the socially efficient quantity.
Match the terms to their precise meanings.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use these definitions in the particular context of Market failure and equity.
Work through the evidence
- A catch limit may protect renewal if monitoring is effective. Tradable permits can let lower-cost users adjust more.
- Judge each response using fish-stock evidence, enforcement, livelihoods and distribution of access.
Which description fits the shared fishing stock?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
A catch limit may protect renewal if monitoring is effective. Tradable permits can let lower-cost users adjust more. Judge each response using fish-stock evidence, enforcement, livelihoods and distribution of access.
Test the limits
- Common resources and public goods are not interchangeable.
- An efficient policy can still place heavier burdens on low-income groups; equity 公平 needs a separate argument.
Which caution belongs to this particular task?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Common resources and public goods are not interchangeable. An efficient policy can still place heavier burdens on low-income groups; equity needs a separate argument.
This one Market failure and equity case settles the question for every setting.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
An efficient policy can still place heavier burdens on low-income groups; equity needs a separate argument.
Apply and explain your answer
- Which description fits the shared fishing stock?
- Rival and difficult to exclude users from: a common-access resource.
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut.
Use the terms precisely
- common-access resource: A resource that is rival and non-excludable.
- equity: Fairness in the distribution of outcomes or opportunities.
A catch limit may protect renewal if monitoring is effective. Tradable permits can let lower-cost users adjust more. Judge each response using fish-stock evidence, enforcement, livelihoods and distribution of access.
Common resources and public goods are not interchangeable. An efficient policy can still place heavier burdens on low-income groups; equity needs a separate argument.
A common-access resource is rival and non-excludable. A public good is non-rival and non-excludable.
Write from a shared pasture
- Each herder gains the milk from one more goat, and the grass left for every herd falls. The pasture is open.
- Say what kind of resource this is, and why a goat limit that protects the grass can still be hard on herders with no other income.
An open pasture lets each herder gain the milk from one more goat while the grass left for every herd falls. What kind of resource is this, and why can a goat limit that protects the grass still be hard on some herders?
A common-access resource is rival and non-excludable. A public good is non-rival. Equity is a separate argument from protecting the stock.
Which description fits the open pasture?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Grazing uses up grass, so the resource is rival. A limit can protect renewal and still be hard on herders with no other income.