אבטלה: מדידה וגורמים
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| labour force/ˈleɪbə fɔːs/ | כוח העבודה |
| structural unemployment/ˈstrʌktʃərəl ʌnemˈplɔɪmənt/ | אבטלה מבניתית |
A decision you can investigate
- A graduate is searching for a first job; a resort closes after summer; a factory worker loses a job after automation.
- The same absence of paid work can have different causes.
Build the explanation
- Unemployment concerns people without work who are available and seeking work under the ILO approach. The labour force 劳动力 contains employed and unemployed people; economically inactive people are outside it.
- Cyclical unemployment follows weak demand; structural unemployment 结构性失业 follows a mismatch of skills or location; seasonal unemployment follows regular seasonal demand. Frictional unemployment occurs while moving between jobs. Voluntary unemployment describes choosing not to accept available jobs at prevailing conditions; inactivity and measured unemployment must still be distinguished.
Work through the evidence
- A fictional population has 900 employed, 100 unemployed and 200 economically inactive people. Labour force = 900+100 = 1000; unemployment rate = 100/1000 × 100 = 10%, not 100/1200.
- Lost jobs can reduce output and waste available labour. Household incomes and confidence fall, poverty may rise, tax receipts can fall and benefit spending rise. Firms may invest less because sales expectations weaken; prolonged unemployment can damage skills and social well-being.
מהו שיעור האבטלה המוצג?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
המכנה הוא 1000 עובדים פנויים תוספת מאבטלים.
Test the limits
- Do not count every student or retiree as unemployed. The denominator is the labour force, not total population.
- Diagnose the cause before choosing policy: stronger spending may help cyclical job loss but may not give an automated worker new skills. Many real cases have more than one cause.
אתר נופש נסגר באופן קבוע בכל חורף. זהו במידה הרבה ביותר
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
השינוי העונתי החוזר והחוזר גורם לאובדן התעסוקה.
גמלאי שאינו פעיל כלכלית חייב להיות כלול בקרב האבטלה לפי הגדרת ארגון העבודה הבינלאומי.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
היעדר עבודה לבדו אינו מספיק; זמינות ומאפייני חיפוש עבודה הם קריטיים.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is retraining more directly relevant to the automated worker than to a normal short job-search gap?
- Automation can create a structural skills mismatch; a frictional gap may instead require matching with existing vacancies.
איזה תוצאה פיסקלית עשויה להיגרר מתוך עליית האבטלה?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
הפחתת השכירות מפחיתה חלק מההכנסות מס בעוד שמספר התובעים עשוי לעלות ולדרוש תשלומי סעד.
Use the terms precisely
- labour force: Employed people plus unemployed people meeting the measurement criteria.
- structural unemployment: Unemployment caused by a mismatch of skills or location with available jobs.
התאם את המונחים למשמעותיהם.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
כל מונח מתאר מנגנון ספציפי בשיעור זה.
A fictional population has 900 employed, 100 unemployed and 200 economically inactive people. Labour force = 900+100 = 1000; unemployment rate = 100/1000 × 100 = 10%, not 100/1200. Lost jobs can reduce output and waste available labour. Household incomes and confidence fall, poverty may rise, tax receipts can fall and benefit spending rise. Firms may invest less because sales expectations weaken; prolonged unemployment can damage skills and social well-being.
Do not count every student or retiree as unemployed. The denominator is the labour force, not total population. Diagnose the cause before choosing policy: stronger spending may help cyclical job loss but may not give an automated worker new skills. Many real cases have more than one cause.
Unemployment concerns people without work who are available and seeking work under the ILO approach. The labour force contains employed and unemployed people; economically inactive people are outside it.