מה נובעים חיסכון בקנה מידה
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| internal economy of scale/ɪnˈtɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | כלכלת היקף פנימית |
| external economy of scale/ekˈstɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | כלכלת היקף חיצונית |
A decision you can investigate
- A packaging firm orders larger batches of cardboard and appoints specialist managers. Nearby firms share access to trained workers and transport links.
- Some savings come from the firm itself; others come from its industry or location.
Build the explanation
- Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.
- External economies come from a shared skilled workforce, infrastructure, suppliers or nearby related businesses. The firm need not itself grow to benefit from improvements in its surrounding industry.
Work through the evidence
- An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan.
- A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
מהי עלות השיווק לכל מכירה לאחר שהמכירות עלו ל-300?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
חלקו את אותה עלות פרסום ב-300 מכירות: 600/300 = 2.
Test the limits
- Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands.
- Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
איזה מהנפאריים ממחיש כלכלת ניהול?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
ניהול מומחה הוא מנגנון פנימי שיכול להוריד את העלות הממוצעת.
אגד עובדים בתעשייה משופר יכול להועיל לחברה גם ללא הרחבה עצמאית שלה.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
הסבישה המשותפת, ולא רק גודל החברה, יכולה ליצור כלכלות חיצוניות.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is the shared local supplier an external rather than an internal economy?
- It improves conditions available to several firms in the industry or area, rather than arising solely inside one firm.
למה מגוון מוצרים עשוי ליצור כלכלת נשיאת סיכון?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
שווקים שונים יכולים לאזן חלק מהתנודות מבלי להסיר את כל הסיכון.
Use the terms precisely
- internal economy of scale 内部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from a firm’s own larger production scale.
- external economy of scale 外部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from growth or improved conditions in the industry or area.
התאם את המונחים למשמעותיהם.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
כל מונח מתאר מנגנון ספציפי בשיעור זה.
An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan. A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands. Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.