פרודוקטיביות וחלוקת עבודה
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| division of labour/dɪˈvɪʒn ɒv ˈleɪbə/ | חלוקת עבודה |
| human capital/ˈhjuːmən ˈkæpɪtl/ | הון אנושי |
A decision you can investigate
- A workshop reorganizes cutting, assembly and packing. The same team produces more items in the same working time.
- More output can come from using inputs better, rather than adding more workers.
Build the explanation
- Productivity is output per unit of input. Output per worker or per worker-hour must use a consistent period. Land improvements include irrigation, drainage, reclamation or fertilizer; labour quality can improve through training and education; capital quantity and technology can improve productive methods.
- Division of labour 劳动分工 gives workers specialized tasks. Practice, less switching and suitable tools can raise efficiency. Repetition, dependence on other tasks and narrow skills can reduce motivation or flexibility.
Work through the evidence
- Initially 5 workers make 100 items in 4 hours. Worker-hours = workers × hours = 5 × 4 = 20; productivity = output divided by worker-hours = 100/20 = 5 items per worker-hour.
- After training they make 140 items in the same 20 worker-hours: productivity = 140/20 = 7. Output and productivity rise, but output quality and additional training costs still need checking.
מהי הפרודוקטיביות לאחר האימון?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
ישנן 20 שעות עובד, ולכן 140/20 = 7.
Test the limits
- Adding workers can raise output without raising output per worker. Migration can expand the workforce and bring skills, but its productivity effects depend on matching and conditions.
- Specialization may suit repeated production better than a small workshop making varied one-off products. Judge both worker outcomes and firm efficiency.
איזו שינוי אינה קובעת באופן עצמאי פרודוקטיביות גבוהה יותר?
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התפוקה לבדה חייבת להשוות לקלט המשמש.
הכשרה היא השקעה בבעלות אנושית גם אם האפקט הפורייטיבי שלה דורש זמן.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
מיומנויות יכולות לשפר את היכולת הפורייטיבית; התוצאות עדיין תלויות בהכשרה ובשימוש בה.
Apply and explain your answer
- What establishes higher labour productivity in the training case?
- More output is produced per unchanged worker-hour input.
מהי יתרון אפשרי לעובדים מההתמחות?
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חזרה על פעולות ומגבלה במעבר בין משימות יכולות להפחית את המוטיבציה והגמישות.
Use the terms precisely
- human capital 人力资本: Skills, knowledge and capabilities contributing to productive work.
- division of labour: Splitting production into tasks performed by specialist workers.
התאם את המונחים למשמעותיהם.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
כל מונח מתאר מנגנון ספציפי בשיעור זה.
Initially 5 workers make 100 items in 4 hours. Worker-hours = workers × hours = 5 × 4 = 20; productivity = output divided by worker-hours = 100/20 = 5 items per worker-hour. After training they make 140 items in the same 20 worker-hours: productivity = 140/20 = 7. Output and productivity rise, but output quality and additional training costs still need checking.
Adding workers can raise output without raising output per worker. Migration can expand the workforce and bring skills, but its productivity effects depend on matching and conditions. Specialization may suit repeated production better than a small workshop making varied one-off products. Judge both worker outcomes and firm efficiency.
Productivity is output per unit of input. Output per worker or per worker-hour must use a consistent period. Land improvements include irrigation, drainage, reclamation or fertilizer; labour quality can improve through training and education; capital quantity and technology can improve productive methods.