DNA, genes and the whole genome
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| gene/dʒiːn/ | גן |
| genome/ˈdʒiːnəʊm/ | גנום |
What would explain this observation?
- A gene 基因 is a section, a chromosome is an organised structure and a genome 基因组 is the whole genetic collection. These words describe different scales.
Build the model
- DNA is the genetic material found in chromosomes in the nucleus in the ordinary animal-cell model.
- It is a polymer with two strands forming a double helix.
- A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome.
- It codes for a particular sequence of amino acids that forms a specific protein.
- The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism.
- genome: The entire genetic material of an organism.
- gene: A section of DNA coding a particular amino-acid sequence.
Which description defines the genome?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism - all its DNA. One gene is a tiny part of it, and proteins are products, not the genetic material itself.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Studying the human genome helps researchers search for genes linked to disease, understand inherited disorders and investigate treatments.
- Comparing inherited DNA patterns also helps trace human migration in the past.
- A statistical link is not proof that a gene alone determines a person’s future health; many characteristics involve several genes and environmental influences.
In the lab: Use a paper scale model showing chromosome → DNA section → gene, then explain why the genome includes more than one selected gene. Evaluate a fictional genome-study claim by identifying what was measured, whether the evidence supports association or cause, and what additional environmental information is missing.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: a model DNA strand contains 1,200 bases and a marked gene occupies 180.
- Marked fraction = 180/1,200 = 15%.
- This is a supplied model, not a claim about typical human gene length or the percentage of the human genome that codes for proteins.
- A marked gene is only one part of the whole collection.
Your turn: A model gene occupies 240 of 1,600 bases in a displayed strand. Find the marked percentage.
A model gene occupies 240 of 1,600 bases in a displayed strand. Find the marked percentage.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The result is 15 %. Known: 240 bases marked out of 1,600. Use percentage = marked / total x 100. Percentage = 240/1,600 x 100 = 15%. This is a property of the supplied model, not of real genomes.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- A genome is not one chromosome or all the proteins in a cell.
- DNA is not made of amino acids; proteins are.
- Genome information can inform research without justifying deterministic predictions or disclosure of personal genetic information.
Not true: A genome contains only a single gene. A genome contains thousands of genes plus the DNA between them. A single gene is only one small section of the whole.
- DNA is the genetic material found in chromosomes in the nucleus in the ordinary animal-cell model.
- Studying the human genome helps researchers search for genes linked to disease, understand inherited disorders and investigate treatments.
- Watch for: A genome is not one chromosome or all the proteins in a cell.
A genome contains only a single gene.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
A genome contains thousands of genes plus the DNA between them. A single gene is only one small section of the whole.
The entire genetic material of an organism: write the technical term.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
genome means The entire genetic material of an organism.