Temperature control: detect hot and cold
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| vasodilation/ˌvæsədɪˈleɪʃn/ | רחבת כלי דם |
| vasoconstriction/ˌvæsəkənˈstrɪkʃn/ | צרבת כלי דם |
What would explain this observation?
- The skin can detect a change outside while the brain also monitors blood temperature. These signals help coordinate responses to keep internal conditions suitable.
Build the model
- The thermoregulatory centre in the brain monitors and controls body temperature.
- It contains receptors sensitive to the blood temperature.
- Temperature receptors in the skin send nervous impulses to this centre.
- When temperature is too high, blood vessels supplying the skin dilate, called vasodilation 血管舒张, and sweat glands produce sweat.
- vasodilation: Widening of blood vessels supplying surface tissues in the temperature-control model.
- vasoconstriction 血管收缩: Narrowing of blood vessels supplying surface tissues in the temperature-control model.
Which response set matches a too-cold condition?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
In the cold the body conserves and generates heat: surface vessels constrict, sweating stops and shivering releases heat from muscle activity. Vasodilation and sweating are the too-hot responses - do not swap them.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- When temperature is too low, those blood vessels constrict, called vasoconstriction, sweating stops and skeletal muscles contract repeatedly in shivering.
- These are coordinated responses rather than conscious choices alone.
- The specification connects hot-condition responses with transfer of energy from skin to the environment; the separate Higher lesson explains each mechanism in a stated context.
In the lab: Arrange detection, coordination and response cards for hot and cold scenarios. Identify the receptors separately from sweat glands and muscles as effectors. Use supplied fictional temperature records; do not expose participants to extreme heat or cold, restrict fluids or provoke shivering experimentally. A safe model comparison can use ordinary containers rather than people.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: a fictional record has temperatures 37.1, 37.3, 37.0 and 37.2 °C.
- Mean = 148.6/4 = 37.15 °C and range = 0.3 °C.
- These values illustrate summarizing controlled-condition data, not a diagnostic boundary.
- A mean alone can hide the sequence and speed of a response.
Your turn: A fictional temperature record has 37.0, 37.2, 37.4 and 37.0 °C. Calculate the mean.
A fictional temperature record has 37.0, 37.2, 37.4 and 37.0 °C. Calculate the mean.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The result is 37.15 °C. Known: temperatures 37.0, 37.2, 37.4 and 37.0 degrees C. Use mean = sum / count. Sum = 148.6. Mean = 148.6/4 = 37.15 degrees C. A mean hides the sequence and speed of change.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- The thermoregulatory centre is in the brain, not the skin.
- Skin receptors detect change while sweat glands produce a response.
- Vasodilation and vasoconstriction have opposite effects on blood delivery near the surface; avoid swapping their names.
Not true: The skin is the only location where body-temperature changes are detected. Temperature is monitored by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain as well as by skin receptors. The brain tracks the blood's temperature directly - skin alone is not the whole detector.
- The thermoregulatory centre in the brain monitors and controls body temperature.
- When temperature is too low, those blood vessels constrict, called vasoconstriction, sweating stops and skeletal muscles contract repeatedly in shivering.
- Watch for: the thermoregulatory centre is in the brain, not the skin.
The skin is the only location where body-temperature changes are detected.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Temperature is monitored by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain as well as by skin receptors. The brain tracks the blood's temperature directly - skin alone is not the whole detector.
Widening of blood vessels supplying surface tissues in the temperature-control model: write the technical term.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
vasodilation means Widening of blood vessels supplying surface tissues in the temperature-control model.