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Statistiques et probabilités

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OxfordAQA · International GCSE · Mathematics Sujet 4 3:29 Narration en anglais · Sous-titres anglais + 中文 incrustés

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Chapitres

Transcript
Four facts carry unit 3.4. 3.4 单元靠四个要点。
A histogram with unequal widths plots frequency density, so the area is the frequency. 组距不等的直方图画频数密度,所以面积是频数。
Cumulative frequency plots at the upper boundary, with the median at n over 2. 累积频数在上组界处描点,中位数在 n/2 处。
A grouped mean uses midpoints. 分组平均数用组中值。
And spread is the interquartile range, Q3 minus Q1. 离散程度用四分位距 Q3 − Q1。
Qualitative data names categories, discrete data counts and continuous data measures. 定性数据给出类别,离散数据是计数,连续数据是测量值。
Read a table's headers first and quote its units. 先读表头,并写出单位。
A two-way table cross-tabulates, and its cells must add to the row and column totals. 双向表交叉分类,各格之和必须等于行合计和列合计。
Of 30 students, 18 play cricket, 15 play tennis and 7 play both. 30 名学生中, 18 人打板球,15 人打网球,7 人两样都打。
Cricket and tennis is 7; cricket only is 11; tennis only is 8; neither is 4. 板球且网球是 7;只打板球是 11;只打网球是 8;两样都不打是 4。
Every row and column checks. 每一行每一列都能检验。
In a pie chart each item's angle is its fraction of 360 degrees. 饼图中每一项的角度是它占 360° 的比例。
14 of 40 students choose apples, so the apple sector is 14 over 40 of 360: 126 degrees. 40 名学生中 14 人选苹果,所以苹果扇形是 360° 的 14/40:126°。
The other 26 students share the remaining 234, and all the angles add to 360 degrees. 其余 26 名学生共享剩下的 234°,所有角度加起来是 360°。
With unequal class widths, the height of a histogram bar is the frequency density, frequency divided by width, and the area is the frequency. 组距不等时,直方图长条的高度是频数密度,即频数除以组距,而面积是频数。
Widths of 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 holding 5, 12, 18, 14 and 9 give heights of 2.5, 4, 3.6, 1.4 and 0.6. 组距为 2、3、5、10 和 15,频数为 5、12、18、14 和 9,高度就是 2.5、4、3.6、1.4 和 0.6。
The widest bar is the lowest, yet its area is 0.6 times 15, which is 9. 最宽的长条最矮,但它的面积是 0.6 乘 15,等于 9。
Cumulative frequency plots at the upper class boundaries, and a box plot shows the five-number summary. 累积频数在上组界处描点,箱线图显示五数概括。
Twenty parcels in four classes. 20 个包裹分成四组。
Use each class midpoint: 2, 6, 10 and 16. 用每组的组中值:2、6、10、16。
Multiply by the frequencies and add: 146. 乘以频数再相加:146。
Divide by 20: an estimated mean of 7.3 kilograms, an estimate because the exact masses are unknown. 除以 20:估计平均数 7.3 千克,之所以是估计,是因为不知道确切质量。
With a wider last class, find the modal class by frequency density: 4 to 8. 最后一组更宽,所以用频数密度找众数组:4 到 8。
60 workers' hours, plotted at the upper class boundaries. 60 名工人的工时,在上组界处描点。
The median is worker 30: read across and down, 21 hours. 中位数是第 30 名工人:横读再竖读,21 小时。
Q1 is worker 15, 14.1 hours, and Q3 is worker 45, 25.8 hours, so the interquartile range is 11.7. Q1 是第 15 名,14.1 小时;Q3 是第 45 名,25.8 小时,所以四分位距是 11.7。
Draw the reading lines: the marks are for the reads. 要画出读数线:分数就给在读数上。
Box plots show the five-number summary. 箱线图显示五数概括。
Group A has median 21 hours and Group B 17, so A typically works longer. A 组中位数 21 小时,B 组 17 小时,所以 A 组通常工作更久。
A's interquartile range, 11.7, is bigger than B's 6, so A's hours are less consistent. A 的四分位距 11.7 大于 B 的 6,所以 A 的工时更不稳定。
Make both comparisons, in context; the range alone is weak, because one extreme value changes it. 两项比较都要做,并结合情境;只比极差很弱,因为一个极端值就能改变它。
Check yourself. 自我检测。
Frequency 12 over width 3 gives a height of density 4. 频数 12 除以组距 3,高度是密度 4。
Cumulative frequency points go at the upper class boundaries. 累积频数的点画在上组界。
9 of 30 is 108 degrees. 30 中的 9 是 108°。
The mean of 2, 4, 4, 6 and 9 is 5. 2、4、4、6、9 的平均数是 5。
And compare the median and the interquartile range. 比较时用中位数和四分位距。

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