Apprentissage moteur
Baccalauréat international · IB Diploma · Sports, Exercise and Health Science · SL Sujet 8 1:37 Narration en anglais · Sous-titres anglais + 中文 incrustés
Chapitres
Transcript
These are selected topics, not the whole syllabus, and every example is fictional.
这些是精选主题,不是完整大纲,所有例子都是虚构的。
Fast actions run open-loop; slower ones can use feedback, and only retention shows learning.
快速动作是开环控制;较慢的动作可以利用反馈,只有保持测试才能证明学习。
Learning is a lasting change, shown by delayed, unassisted retention.
学习是持久的变化,由延迟、无辅助的保持测试来证明。
Open-loop control runs a pre-organised command; a very fast action, like a tennis serve, ends before visual feedback can change it.
开环控制执行预先组织好的指令;非常快的动作,比如网球发球,在视觉反馈能改变它之前就结束了。
Closed-loop control compares the result with a goal and corrects it, as in slowly balancing on a beam.
闭环控制把结果与目标比较并加以修正,比如在平衡木上慢慢保持平衡。
Many sporting actions combine both.
许多运动动作两者兼有。
With prompts, a learner succeeds on 14 of 20 attempts: 70 percent.
有提示时,学习者 20 次中成功 14 次:70%。
In a delayed test without prompts, 10 of 20: 50 percent.
延迟、无提示测试中 20 次成功 10 次:50%。
That is a fall of 20 percentage points.
下降了 20 个百分点。
Relative to the start it is 4 over 14, about 28.6 percent.
相对于起点是 4/14,约 28.6%。
The drop suggests reliance on the prompts.
这个下降说明他依赖提示。
Knowledge of results is about the outcome: 12 of 20 throws hit the target, 60 percent.
结果反馈关于结果:20 次投掷中 12 次命中,60%。
Knowledge of performance is about movement quality: the elbow dropped at release.
表现反馈关于动作质量:出手时肘部下沉。
A retention test after a delay, without the coach's help, shows whether the learning lasted.
延迟后、没有教练帮助的保持测试,才能显示学习是否持久。
Check yourself.
自我检测。
80 to 55 percent is a fall of 25 percentage points.
80% 到 55%,下降 25 个百分点。
60 to 30 percent is a fall of 30 points.
60% 到 30%,下降 30 个百分点。
15 of 25 is 60 percent.
25 次中 15 次,60%。
16 of 20 is 80 percent.
20 次中 16 次,80%。