The individual oral
Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional · IB Diploma · Language A: Literature · HL Tema 3 4:01 Narración en inglés · Subtítulos en inglés + 中文 quemados en pantalla
Capítulos
Transcripción
In 1892 Charlotte Perkins Gilman published a story about a young mother, told by her doctor husband not to write, who keeps a secret diary and slowly loses her mind.
1892 年，夏洛特·珀金斯·吉尔曼发表了一个故事：一位年轻母亲被医生丈夫禁止写作，偷偷写日记，渐渐精神失常。
In 1918 Lu Xun published A Madman's Diary, whose narrator believes the people around him want to eat him.
1918 年，鲁迅发表《狂人日记》，叙述者相信身边的人要吃他。
Two diaries, two languages, one question.
两本日记，两种语言，一个问题。
The individual oral is the internal assessment at both levels.
个人口头评估是两个级别都要做的内部评估。
You speak for ten minutes about a global issue, using an extract of up to forty lines from a work written in English and one from a work in translation.
你用十分钟讨论一个全球性议题，使用一部英语原创作品和一部翻译作品各一段不超过四十行的节选。
Then your teacher asks questions for five minutes.
然后老师提问五分钟。
It is marked out of forty.
满分四十分。
A global issue is significant, because it matters to many people; transnational, because it exists in more than one country; and felt in everyday life.
全球性议题是重要的，因为它关系到许多人；是跨国的，因为它存在于不止一个国家；并且在日常生活中能感受到。
There are five fields of inquiry: culture, identity and community; beliefs, values and education; politics, power and justice; art, creativity and the imagination; and science, technology and the environment.
共有五个探究领域：文化、身份与社群；信仰、价值观与教育；政治、权力与正义；艺术、创造力与想象；科学、技术与环境。
The madness pairing could fit several.
“疯癫”这对作品可以归入好几个领域。
Madness is a topic, not yet an issue.
“疯癫”是一个话题，还不是议题。
An issue is a tension or problem: how a society silences people who question its norms by calling them mad.
议题是一种张力或问题：一个社会如何通过把质疑其规范的人称为疯子来让他们沉默。
Both are first-person diaries; Lu Xun adds a short preface by another narrator.
两部都是第一人称日记；鲁迅另加了一段由另一叙述者写的小序。
Gilman's narrator is controlled by her husband, a physician; Lu Xun's by his brother, the doctor and the village.
吉尔曼的叙述者受丈夫——一位医生——控制；鲁迅的狂人受哥哥、医生和村人控制。
And in both there is irony: her cure makes her ill, and the preface tells us he recovered and went to wait for an official post.
两者都有反讽：她的“治疗”让她病倒；小序则说他已痊愈，赴某地候补去了。
Gilman wrote from experience: she had been prescribed a rest cure for depression.
吉尔曼的写作来自亲身经历：她曾因抑郁被开过“静养疗法”。
Lu Xun wrote during the New Culture Movement, when young writers attacked old Confucian traditions.
鲁迅写于新文化运动时期，当时青年作家抨击旧的儒家传统。
The madman reads a history book. Between the lines about benevolence and virtue he finds two words: eat people.
狂人翻开一本历史书，在“仁义道德”的字缝里看出两个字：“吃人”。
It is a metaphor for a society that destroys individuals in the name of morality.
这是一个隐喻，指一个以道德之名毁灭个人的社会。
With a work in translation, analyse features that survive translation: structure, narrative voice, imagery and symbols.
分析翻译作品时，要分析翻译后仍保留的特征：结构、叙述声音、意象和象征。
Be careful with single words: they belong partly to the translator.
单个词要谨慎，因为它们部分属于译者。
If you read Chinese, you can refer to the original.
如果你读得懂中文，可以引用原文。
Plan the ten minutes.
规划好十分钟。
Introduction, about one minute: the issue, the works and your argument.
引言约一分钟：议题、作品和论点。
The first extract, about four minutes; the second extract, about three and a half; comparison and conclusion, a minute and a half.
第一段节选约四分钟；第二段约三分半；比较与结论约一分半。
Then five minutes of questions.
然后是五分钟提问。
You may bring the two extracts, as clean copies, and up to ten bullet points of notes.
你可以带两段节选（干净的副本）和最多十条要点笔记。
You must not read a script.
不能照稿念。
Today I will discuss how societies silence people who question their norms by calling them mad, an issue from culture, identity and community.
今天我将讨论社会如何把质疑其规范的人称为疯子以使其沉默，这一议题属于文化、身份与社群领域。
Both writers use the private diary to give a voice to someone their society refuses to hear; but Gilman's narrator escapes only into madness, while Lu Xun's is cured back into silence, an even darker warning.
两位作家都用私人日记为社会不愿倾听的人发声；但吉尔曼的叙述者只能逃入疯癫，而鲁迅的狂人被“治愈”回沉默，这是更黑暗的警告。
Four criteria, ten marks each: knowledge, understanding and interpretation; analysis and evaluation; focus and organisation, which rewards balance between the two works; and language.
四项标准各十分：知识、理解与阐释；分析与评价；重点与组织，奖励两部作品之间的平衡；以及语言。
Three common mistakes: spending eight minutes on one work; talking about the issue in general without analysing the extracts; and forgetting the works as a whole.
三个常见错误：在一部作品上花八分钟；泛泛谈议题而不分析节选；忘了联系作品整体。
To finish: choose a global issue, not a topic; two extracts from two works on one issue; analyse what survives translation; four balanced parts, from notes, not a script; and know the criteria and the mistakes.
总结：选择全球性议题而不是话题；两部作品的两段节选围绕一个议题；分析翻译后仍保留的特征；四个均衡的部分，凭笔记而不照稿；熟悉评分标准和常见错误。