Introducción a la naturaleza corpuscular de la materia
Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional · IB Diploma · Chemistry · SL Tema 1 4:00 Narración en inglés · Subtítulos en inglés + 中文 quemados en pantalla
Capítulos
Transcripción
A sealed gas container changes pressure when heated.
密封气体容器在加热时压强会发生变化。
Celsius ratios cannot predict the pressure change because the gas model uses absolute temperature 绝对温度.
由于气体模型使用的是绝对温度,因此摄氏温标下的比值无法预测压强的变化。
In a gas model, particles move randomly and pressure results from momentum transfer at walls.
在气体模型中,粒子做无规则运动,压强源于粒子与器壁碰撞时的动量传递。
The ideal gas equation connects pressure, volume, amount, and absolute temperature.
理想气体方程将压强、体积、物质的量和热力学温度联系起来。
Absolute temperature is the temperature on the Kelvin scale.
热力学温度是指以开尔文温标表示的温度。
An ideal gas is a gas model with specified simplifying assumptions.
理想气体是一种具有特定简化假设的气体模型。
At fixed amount and volume, pressure is proportional to Kelvin temperature.
在物质的量和体积固定时,压强与开尔文温度成正比。
At fixed temperature and amount, pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
在温度和物质的量固定时,压强与体积成反比。
State which quantities are fixed before choosing a relationship.
选择关系式前,请先明确哪些量是固定的。
In the lab: Use approved apparatus with a temperature range and pressure limit set by the teacher.
在实验室中,请使用经批准且由教师设定温度范围和压力限制的仪器。
Allow thermal equilibrium and record pressure against kelvin temperature.
待系统达到热平衡后,记录压力与开尔文温度的关系。
Never heat an improvised sealed vessel.
切勿加热临时制作的密封容器。
Known: pressure is 100 kPa at 300 K, with fixed volume and amount.
已知:在体积和物质的量固定的条件下,压强为 100 kPa,温度为 300 K。
At 330 K, p2 divided by p1 equals T2 divided by T1.
当温度升至 330 K 时,p2 除以 p1 等于 T2 除以 T1。
So p2 equals p1 times T2 divided by T1, which is 100 times 330 divided by 300, equaling 110 kPa.
因此 p2 等于 p1 乘以 T2 除以 T1,即 100 乘以 330 除以 300,结果为 110 kPa。
A 30 degree Celsius rise is a 30 Kelvin change, but the temperature ratio must use kelvin.
摄氏温标上升 30 度对应开尔文温标变化 30 K,但在计算温度比值时必须使用开尔文温标。
Your turn: At fixed volume, pressure is 120 kPa at 300 K.
轮到你了。 在体积固定时,300 K 下的压强为 120 kPa。
Find pressure at 350 K.
求 350 K 时的压强。
An ideal gas is a model with conditions of validity.
理想气体是一个具有适用条件的模型。
Celsius zero is not zero molecular motion, and internal energy is not determined by pressure alone.
摄氏零度并非分子运动为零,且内能并非仅由压强决定。
Not true that a gas pressure ratio can always use Celsius temperatures.
不正确。 气体压强比不能总是使用摄氏温度。
Ratios of temperatures are meaningful only from absolute zero.
温度比只有从绝对零度起算才有意义。
300 kelvin to 350 kelvin is a ratio of 350 over 300; the same temperatures in Celsius, 27 and 77, give 77 over 27, a different and wrong answer.
300 开尔文到 350 开尔文的比为 350 除以 300;同样的温度用摄氏度表示为 27 和 77,得到 77 除以 27,这是一个不同的、错误的答案。
In a gas model, particles move randomly and pressure results from momentum transfer at walls.
在气体模型中,粒子做无规则运动,压强源于粒子与器壁碰撞时的动量传递。
At fixed amount and volume, pressure is proportional to Kelvin temperature.
在物质的量和体积固定的条件下,压强与开尔文温度成正比。
Watch for: an ideal gas is a model with conditions of validity.
请注意:理想气体是一个具有适用条件的模型。
At fixed volume, the pressure is 90 kilopascals at 250 kelvin.
在体积固定时,250 K 下的压强为 90 kPa。
Find the pressure at 300 kelvin.
求 300 K 时的压强。
The ratio must use kelvin.
计算比值时必须使用开尔文温标。
The result is a pressure of 108 kilopascals.
结果是压强为108千帕。
Halve the pressure and the volume doubles.
压强减半,体积加倍。
Every point gives the same product of pressure and volume, 6,000, so pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.
每个点的压强与体积之积都是6000,所以温度不变时压强与体积成反比。
An ideal gas changes from 300 K, 100 kPa and volume V to 450 K and volume 2V at fixed amount.
一定量的理想气体从 300 K、100 kPa、体积 V 变为 450 K、体积 2V。
Find the pressure. Explain why using only a temperature ratio would fail.
求此时的压强,并说明为什么只用温度比会出错。
The combined relation gives p2 equals p1, times T2 over T1, times V1 over V2, which is 75 kPa.
由综合关系式,p₂ 等于 p₁ 乘以 T₂/T₁ 再乘以 V₁/V₂,即 75 kPa。
The volume also changes, so the fixed-volume formula does not apply.
体积也发生了变化,所以等容公式不适用。
Use absolute temperature.
要使用热力学温度。
Retrieve the technical meanings, then vary one input in the original transfer and justify the model condition.
请回顾相关技术术语的含义,然后在原始传递过程中改变一个输入变量,并为模型条件提供依据。