Inglés A2 · Orden de palabras para hablantes de chino
Inglés A2 Tema 12 3:03 Narración en inglés · Subtítulos en inglés + 中文 quemados en pantalla
Capítulos
Transcripción
Chinese lets its sentences flow around the known and the new, like a river. English is a train. The engine is the subject, the first car is the verb, the second car is the object, and the caboose at the very end is the time.
中文的句子像河，绕着已知信息流动；英文的句子像火车：车头是主语，车厢是动词和宾语，车尾挂时间。
Two rules and one ladder, and most A2 sentences build themselves.
两条规则一副阶梯，大多数 A2 句子自己就组装好了。
The spine is subject, verb, object: who does what to whom. Yesterday I met a friend, in Chinese, puts time first; English parks the time at the end and keeps the spine straight: I met a friend yesterday. This question I do not understand leads with the object in Chinese style; English says I do not understand this question. The doer first, the verb second, the receiver third, and time rides in the caboose.
主谓宾是火车的固定编组：先动作发出者，再动词，再承受者。 中文可以时间开头、宾语提前，英文不行：时间挂车尾，宾语待在动词后面。
The end of the English sentence packs in a fixed order: how, where, then when.
英文句尾有固定打包顺序：方式、地点、时间。
She sang beautifully, in the hall, last night. I will wait for you, at the gate, at six. Chinese puts time early and place late; English does the exact opposite, and the caboose is always time.
She sang beautifully in the hall last night。
When two adverbs want the same seat, the ladder decides: manner, place, time.
中文时间在前地点在后，英文正好相反，时间永远挂最后。
The adverb ladder gives each small word one home. Frequency adverbs like always, usually and never stand before the main verb: I often walk. But after the verb be: she is never angry. Manner adverbs, the how words, live at the end of the sentence or just before the verb: he drives carefully. And time adverbs take the very end, the caboose. One home per adverb, and the ladder keeps the peace.
副词各有一个家：频率词在实义动词前、be 动词后；方式副词住句尾或动词前；时间副词独占车尾。 一家一个位置，阶梯维持秩序。
Questions keep the spine and add a hook at the front. Do you like tea: the hook do, then the spine, you like tea. Where do you live: the question word, then the hook, then the spine. The hook words, do, does and did, carry no meaning; they only carry the question mark. And in a wh-question the question word goes first: what do you want, not you want what.
疑问句是主谓宾骨架加一个车钩：do/does/did 只带问号不带意义。 You want what 只是表示惊讶的反问，正常提问要说 What do you want，疑问词放在句首。
Watch out for three traps, all Chinese habits wearing English words. Do not park time in the middle of the sentence: I yesterday met is a Chinese guest in an English train. Do not lead with the object: this question I do not understand is only for strong emphasis; say I do not understand this question. And remember the hook is cheap: do, does and did carry the question, never the meaning.
三个陷阱都是穿着英文单词的中文习惯：时间别停在句中；宾语别抢在句首（只用于强烈强调）；车钩 do/does/did 只负责提问，不承载意义。
Check yourself. Name the three cars of the spine, in order.
自测：三节车厢的顺序？
Order the tail: yesterday, in the park, happily, played, we.
把昨天/在公园/开心地/玩/我们排成英文句？
Give never its home in she is busy.
never 插进 She is busy？
And build the question from you, do, where, live.
用 you/do/where/live 造疑问句？
If the train assembles itself, the order is yours.
火车自己组装好，语序就是你的了。