Sentence patterns — formal & written

Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.

variant of 借借jiè … 之名zhī míng (under the guise of)

A scam in disguise

• A news report warns about fake charity callers.
• someone有人yǒu rénvariant of 借借jièbenevolent慈善cí shàn之名zhī míng骗钱piàn qián。 – "Some people cheat others out of money under the guise of charity."

variant of 借借jiè + X + 之名zhī míng = under the pretext / guise of X

• variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng means using X as a cover for a different, usually bad, purpose.
• It is formal and critical, common in news and commentary.

he他tāusing借jièa business trip出差chū chāias a pretext之名zhī míngwent去qùon holiday旅游lǚ yóu。

Exposing hidden motives

• some一些yī xiēmerchant商家shāng jiāvariant of 借借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo之名zhī míngto raise提高tí gāoprice价格jià gé。 – "Some businesses raise prices under the banner of environmental protection."
• The real purpose follows the 之名zhī míng phrase.

some一些yì xiēbusinesses商家shāng jiāusing借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎoas a pretext之名zhī míngraise提高tí gāoprices价格jià gé。

Critical tone

• variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng implies the stated reason is a cover; use it only when you mean to criticise.
• For a neutral "in the name of / on behalf of", use to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì.

variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng versus to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì

• to use以yǐcompany公司gōng sī(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì = on behalf of the company (neutral or official).
• variant of 借借jiècompany公司gōng sī之名zhī míng = using the company as a cover (critical).

he他tāin以yǐthe company's公司gōng sī的dename名义míng yìspoke发言fā yán。

Recap

• variant of 借借jiè X 之名zhī míng + real purpose = under the guise / pretext of X (critical).
• Neutral "on behalf of" = to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to pass through通过tōng guò … to make使shǐ … (by …, bring about …)

A shorter wait

• A hospital report describes how a new booking system changed patients' waiting time.
• hospital医院yī yuànto pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐpatient患者huàn zhě(modifier / structural particle)的de等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了lehalf一半yí bàn。 – "Through a new procedure, the hospital cut patients' waiting time by half."

Subject + to pass through通过tōng guò + means + to make使shǐ + result

• A to pass through通过tōng guò B to make使shǐ C … = A, by means of B, makes C …: the subject A does the action, to pass through通过tōng guò gives the means, to make使shǐ the result.
• The subject must be present: hospital医院yī yuàn / school学校xué xiào / we / us我们wǒ men + to pass through通过tōng guò….

the school学校xué xiàothrough通过tōng guòthis这次zhè cìevent活动huó dòngmade使shǐstudents学生xué shengmore更gèngconfident自信zì xìn。

The classic error: no subject

• to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìto exercise活动huó dòng，to make使shǐstudent学生xué shēngmore更gèngto have confidence in…自信zì xìn(completed / change)了le has no subject: to pass through通过tōng guò and to make使shǐ both lack a doer. This is a standard HSK 6 defective sentence病句bìng jù.
• Fix it by adding a subject before to pass through通过tōng guò (school学校xué xiàoto pass through通过tōng guò…to make使shǐ…) or by dropping to make使shǐ (to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìto exercise活动huó dòng，student学生xué shēngmore更gèngto have confidence in…自信zì xìn(completed / change)了le).

Two correct repairs

• Subject + to pass through通过tōng guò…to make使shǐ…: company公司gōng sī通过培训tōng guò péi xùnto make使shǐstaff员工yuán gōngto raise提高tí gāo(completed / change)了lecapability能力néng lì。 – "Through training, the company improved its staff's skills."
• to pass through通过tōng guò…，subject + result: 通过培训tōng guò péi xùn，staff员工yuán gōng(modifier / structural particle)的decapability能力néng lìto raise提高tí gāo(completed / change)了le。 – "Through training, the staff's skills improved."

through通过tōng guòtraining培训péi xùn，the staff's员工yuán gōng的deskills能力néng lìimproved提高tí gāo了le。

Same trap with to pass经过jīng guò and due to由于yóu yú

• to pass经过jīng guòeveryone大家dà jiā(modifier / structural particle)的deto make an effort努力nǔ lì，to make使shǐquestion问题wèn títo get得到dé dào(completed / change)了leto solve解决jiě jué ✗ – no subject.
• ✓ to pass经过jīng guòeveryone大家dà jiā(modifier / structural particle)的deto make an effort努力nǔ lì，question问题wèn títo get得到dé dào(completed / change)了leto solve解决jiě jué. Check every to pass through通过tōng guò / to pass经过jīng guò / due to由于yóu yú…to make使shǐ… sentence for a doer.

after经过jīng guòeveryone's大家dà jiā的deefforts努力nǔ lì，the problem问题wèn tígot得到dé dào了lesolved解决jiě jué。

Recap

• Subject + to pass through通过tōng guò + means + to make使shǐ + result – the subject is required.
• to pass through通过tōng guò…，to make使shǐ… with no subject is a defective sentence病句bìng jù; repair it with a subject or by dropping to make使shǐ.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to use以yǐ … (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì (in the name of)

On behalf of the class

• Your class wants to thank the teacher who is retiring, and you write the card.
• 我以wǒ yǐ全班同学quán bān tóng xué(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì，towards向xiàngteacher老师lǎo shī表示感谢biǎo shì gǎn xiè。 – "On behalf of the whole class, I'd like to thank our teacher."

to use以yǐ + X + (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì = in the name of, on behalf of

• to use以yǐ X (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì says whose name or authority an action is done under: to use以yǐindividual个人gè rén(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì, to use以yǐcompany公司gōng sī(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì.
• It goes before the verb phrase.

he他tāin以yǐhis own个人gè rén的dename名义míng yìdonated捐juān了le10,000一万yí wànyuan块kuài。

Official and personal capacity

• this这zhè封信fēng xìnto be / is是shìto use以yǐschool学校xué xiào(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto issue (an order, decree…发出fā chū(modifier / structural particle)的de。 – "This letter was sent in the school's name."
• 我以wǒ yǐfriend朋友péng yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto advise劝quànyou你nǐ，don't别biéso much这么zhè meto make做zuò。 – "As your friend, I'm telling you: don't do this."

I我wǒas以yǐa friend朋友péng you的de(capacity)名义míng yìadvise劝quànyou你nǐ。

Neutral, not deceptive

• to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì is neutral or official; for using a name as a cover, use variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng.
• Both to use以yǐcompany公司gōng sī(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì and the shorter to use以yǐcompany公司gōng sīname名义míng yì occur. Learn the full phrase first; the shorter form is also used in formal documents.

to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì versus representative代表dài biǎo

• representative代表dài biǎo + group = represent: I / me我wǒrepresentative代表dài biǎothe whole class全班quán bān(express) thanks感谢gǎn xièteacher老师lǎo shī.
• to use以yǐ…(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì stresses whose name or authority the act carries.

I我wǒon behalf of代表dài biǎothe whole class全班quán bānthank感谢gǎn xièthe teacher老师lǎo shī。

Recap

• to use以yǐ X (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì + verb = in the name of / on behalf of X (neutral, official).
• A cover story = variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng; representative代表dài biǎo = represent.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to be bound to势必shì bì (be bound to / inevitably)

Where this leads

• An economist comments on a factory that keeps cutting corners on safety.
• this way / so这样zhè yàngto go down下去xià qù，势必会shì bì huì出大chū dàquestion问题wèn tí。 – "If this continues, serious problems are bound to occur."

to be bound to势必shì bì + verb = be bound to, inevitably

• to be bound to势必shì bì predicts a result that follows necessarily from the situation: to be bound to势必shì bìinfluence影响yǐng xiǎng, to be bound to势必shì bìto lead to导致dǎo zhì, 势必会shì bì huì….
• It is formal and analytical.

prices价格jià gérising上涨shàng zhǎngis bound to势必shì bìaffect影响yǐng xiǎngspending消费xiāo fèi。

Warnings and forecasts

• long term长期cháng qīto stay up late or all night熬夜áo yèto be bound to势必shì bìharm损害sǔn hàihealth健康jiàn kāng。 – "Staying up late for long periods is bound to harm your health."
• It usually follows a cause or condition stated first.

long-term长期cháng qīstaying up late熬夜áo yèis bound to势必shì bìharm损害sǔn hàihealth健康jiàn kāng。

A strong, reasoned prediction

• to be bound to势必shì bì means the result is practically certain because of the situation; for a guess, use maybe / possible可能kě néng / fear恐怕kǒng pà.
• It is written style; in speech, to be certain肯定kěn dìngcan / will会huì / definitely一定yí dìngcan / will会huì are more natural.

to be bound to势必shì bì versus inevitable必然bì rán and definitely一定yí dìng

• inevitable必然bì rán = necessarily (also an adjective: inevitable必然bì rán(modifier / structural particle)的deoutcome结果jié guǒ).
• to be bound to势必shì bì stresses the momentum of the situation: "the way things are going, it will…".

this这zhèis是shìan inevitable必然bì rán的deresult结果jié guǒ。

Recap

• to be bound to势必shì bì + verb = be bound to (a reasoned, near-certain prediction; formal).
• Guesses use maybe / possible可能kě néng; speech uses to be certain肯定kěn dìngcan / will会huì; inevitable必然bì rán = necessarily.

Practise this pattern step by step.

if倘若tǎng ruò (if / should – literary)

A formal condition

• A contract sets out what happens if a delivery is late.
• if倘若tǎng ruògoods货物huò wùto delay延迟yán chíto deliver送达sòng dá，buyer (in contracts)买方mǎi fāngto have the right to有权yǒu quánto cancel取消qǔ xiāo(purchase) order订单dìng dān。 – "Should the goods be delivered late, the buyer has the right to cancel the order."

if倘若tǎng ruò A，(then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn) B = if, should

• if倘若tǎng ruò = "if, should", a literary if如果rú guǒ, common in contracts, essays and literature.
• The result clause often takes then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn / (literary) (conjunction…则zé.

if倘若tǎng ruòyou你nǐhave有yǒuquestions问题wèn tí，please请qǐngany time随时suí shícontact联系lián xìus我们wǒ men。

Hypotheses and regrets

• if倘若tǎng ruòat once当时dāng shíI / me我wǒto listen to听tīng(completed / change)了leyou你nǐif (coming after a…的话de huà，then / just就jiùimprobable不会bú huìthis way / so这样zhè yàng(completed / change)了le。 – "Had I listened to you at the time, it wouldn't have come to this."
• It suits careful, considered language.

if倘若tǎng ruòat the time当时dāng shíI我wǒhad listened听tīng了leto you你nǐ的dewords话huà，then就jiùwouldn't不会bú huìbe like this这样zhè yàng了le。

Literary only

• In conversation, if如果rú guǒ / if要是yào shi are natural; if倘若tǎng ruò sounds bookish.
• Keep then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn after the subject of the result: I / me我wǒthen / just就jiù…, not then / just就jiùI / me我wǒ….

if倘若tǎng ruò versus if假如jiǎ rú and just in case万一wàn yī

• if假如jiǎ rú is close to if倘若tǎng ruò, slightly less formal.
• just in case万一wàn yī = in case (an unlikely, unwelcome event): just in case万一wàn yīto rain下雨xià yǔwhat's to be done怎么办zěn me bàn？

in case万一wàn yīit rains下雨xià yǔwhat do we do怎么办zěn me bàn？

Recap

• if倘若tǎng ruò A，(then / just就jiù / used in 便宜便biàn) B = if / should A (literary, contracts and essays).
• Speech: if如果rú guǒ / if要是yào shi; unlikely bad events: just in case万一wàn yī.

Practise this pattern step by step.

(nominalizer)所suǒ + Verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de (that which is V-ed)

What you said

• In a formal letter you respond to a complaint point by point.
• you (polite)您nín(nominalizer)所suǒto raise (an issue)提出tí chū(modifier / structural particle)的dequestion问题wèn tí，we / us我们wǒ mencan / will会huìconscientious认真rèn zhēnto think over考虑kǎo lǜ。 – "We will carefully consider the issues you have raised."

(Subject +) (nominalizer)所suǒ + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de (+ noun) = that which … V

• (nominalizer)所suǒ + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de marks the object of the verb: I / me我wǒ(nominalizer)所suǒto know知道zhī dào(modifier / structural particle)的de (what I know), he / him他tā所说suǒ shuōif (coming after a…的话de huà (the words he said).
• (nominalizer)所suǒ is formal; the meaning is the same without it: he / him他tāvariant of 说说shuōif (coming after a…的话de huà.

this这zhèis exactly就是jiù shìI我wǒ(that which)所suǒknow知道zhī dào的de。

Formal writing

• we / us我们wǒ men(nominalizer)所suǒto make做zuò(modifier / structural particle)的de一切都是yī qiè dōu shìin order to为了wèi lechild孩子hái zi。 – "Everything we do is for the children."
• just as正如zhèng rúeveryone大家dà jiā(nominalizer)所suǒto see看到kàn dào(modifier / structural particle)的de，circumstances情况qíng kuàngalready已经yǐ jīngto improve好转hǎo zhuǎn。 – "As everyone can see, the situation has improved."

just as正如zhèng rúeveryone大家dà jiā(that which)所suǒhas seen看到kàn dào的de，the situation情况qíng kuànghas improved好转hǎo zhuǎn了le。

(nominalizer)所suǒ goes right before the verb

• Order: subject + (nominalizer)所suǒ + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de: he / him他tā所说suǒ shuō(modifier / structural particle)的de, not (nominalizer)所suǒhe / him他tāvariant of 说说shuō(modifier / structural particle)的de.
• It needs a transitive verb (one with an object): 所说suǒ shuō, (nominalizer)所suǒto make做zuò, (nominalizer)所suǒto see看到kàn dào; not 所去suǒ qù / 所来suǒ lái.

(nominalizer)所suǒ versus plain (modifier / structural particle)的de

• he / him他tāvariant of 说说shuōif (coming after a…的话de huà (everyday) = he / him他tā所说suǒ shuōif (coming after a…的话de huà (formal).
• (nominalizer)所suǒ adds weight and precision; it is common in speeches, reports and set phrases (see 众所周知众所周知zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī).

as everyone knows众所周知zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī，the Earth地球dì qiúis是shìround圆yuán的de。

Recap

• Subject + (nominalizer)所suǒ + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de (+ noun) = that which … (formal; (nominalizer)所suǒ marks the object).
• Subject before (nominalizer)所suǒ; transitive verbs; see 众所周知众所周知zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī = as everyone knows.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Practice without the models

Choose a pattern, cover its teaching examples, and attempt its questions. Use the labels to find feedback in the separate key.

variant of 借借jiè … 之名zhī míng (under the guise of)

1201.1 Complete: “under the guise of charity” variant of 借借jièbenevolent慈善cí shàn(of — literary)之zhī…………

1201.2 Which is neutral, without criticism?

• A. he / him他tāvariant of 借借jièto go on an official or…出差chū chāi之名zhī míngto go去qùtrip旅游lǚ yóu。
• B. he / him他tāto use以yǐcompany公司gōng sī(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto make a speech发言fā yán。
• C. he / him他tāvariant of 借借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo之名zhī míngto appreciate (in value)涨价zhǎng jià。
• D. he / him他tāvariant of 借借jiècompany公司gōng sī之名zhī míng谋私利móu sī lì。

1201.3 Build: “Some businesses raise prices under the banner of environmental protection.”

Arrange all chunks: some一些yī xiēmerchant商家shāng jiā / to raise提高tí gāo / variant of 借借jièenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo之名zhī míng / price价格jià gé。

1201.4 variant of 借借jiè…之名zhī míng implies the stated reason is a cover.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1201.5 A news report warns about fake charity callers. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to pass through通过tōng guò … to make使shǐ … (by …, bring about …)

1202.1 Which sentence is grammatically correct?

• A. to make使shǐto pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìa course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò，everyone大家dà jiāto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了leenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo。
• B. to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìa course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò，to make使shǐto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了leeveryone大家dà jiāenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo(modifier / structural particle)的deimportance重要性zhòng yào xìng。
• C. 这次zhè cìa course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuòto make使shǐeveryone大家dà jiāto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了leenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo(modifier / structural particle)的deimportance重要性zhòng yào xìng。
• D. to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìa course of lectures讲座jiǎng zuò，to make使shǐeveryone大家dà jiāto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了leenvironmental protection环保huán bǎo(modifier / structural particle)的deimportance重要性zhòng yào xìng。

1202.2 Repair the error: to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐ等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了le。

• A. to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐ等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了le(yes/no ?)吗ma？
• B. hospital医院yī yuànto pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐ等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了le。
• C. new新xīncourse流程liú chéngto pass through通过tōng guò，to make使shǐ等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了le。
• D. to pass through通过tōng guònew新xīncourse流程liú chéng，to make使shǐhospital医院yī yuàn等待时间děng dài shí jiānto curtail缩短suō duǎn(completed / change)了le。

1202.3 Build the correct sentence: “Through training, the staff's skills improved.”

Arrange all chunks: to raise提高tí gāo(completed / change)了le。 / ， / staff员工yuán gōng(modifier / structural particle)的decapability能力néng lì / 通过培训tōng guò péi xùn

1202.4 to pass经过jīng guòeveryone大家dà jiā(modifier / structural particle)的deto make an effort努力nǔ lì，to make使shǐquestion问题wèn títo get得到dé dào(completed / change)了leto solve解决jiě jué is correct.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1202.5 A hospital report describes how a new booking system changed patients' waiting time. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to use以yǐ … (modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì (in the name of)

1203.1 Complete: “He donated in his own name.” he / him他tāto use以yǐindividual个人gè rén(modifier / structural particle)的de…………to relinquish捐juān(completed / change)了lecoin钱qián。

1203.2 Which suggests the name is used as a cover?

• A. to use以yǐindividual个人gè rén(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto donate money捐款juān kuǎn。
• B. to use以yǐcompany公司gōng sī(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yìto post a letter发信fā xìn。
• C. representative代表dài biǎocompany公司gōng sīto make a speech发言fā yán。
• D. variant of 借借jiècompany公司gōng sī之名zhī míng谋私利móu sī lì。

1203.3 Build: “On behalf of the whole class, I thank the teacher.”

Arrange all chunks: ， / towards向xiàngteacher老师lǎo shī / 我以wǒ yǐ全班同学quán bān tóng xué(modifier / structural particle)的dename名义míng yì / 表示感谢biǎo shì gǎn xiè。

1203.4 representative代表dài biǎo can also mean “on behalf of”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1203.5 Your class wants to thank the teacher who is retiring, and you write the card. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to be bound to势必shì bì (be bound to / inevitably)

1204.1 Complete: “This is bound to affect sales.” this这zhè…………influence影响yǐng xiǎngsales volume销量xiāo liàng。

1204.2 Which sounds most natural in casual speech?

• A. this way / so这样zhè yàngto be bound to势必shì bì地出dì chūquestion问题wèn tí。
• B. this way / so这样zhè yàngto be certain肯定kěn dìng会出huì chūquestion问题wèn tí。
• C. this way / so这样zhè yàng势必会shì bì huìvariant of 出 (classifier…出chūquestion问题wèn tí。
• D. this way / so这样zhè yànginevitable必然bì rán会出huì chūquestion问题wèn tí。

1204.3 Build: “Staying up late long-term is bound to harm your health.”

Arrange all chunks: to be bound to势必shì bì / long term长期cháng qīto stay up late or all night熬夜áo yè / health健康jiàn kāng。 / harm损害sǔn hài

1204.4 to be bound to势必shì bì expresses a weak guess.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1204.5 An economist comments on a factory that keeps cutting corners on safety. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

if倘若tǎng ruò (if / should – literary)

1205.1 Complete (contract): “Should the goods arrive late, the buyer may cancel.” …………goods货物huò wùto delay延迟yán chíto deliver送达sòng dá，buyer (in contracts)买方mǎi fāngcan / may可以kě yǐto cancel取消qǔ xiāo(purchase) order订单dìng dān。

1205.2 “What if it rains?” (an unlikely, unwelcome event). Which fits? ____to rain下雨xià yǔwhat's to be done怎么办zěn me bàn？

• A. because因为yīn wèi
• B. just in case万一wàn yī
• C. since既然jì rán
• D. if倘若tǎng ruò

1205.3 Build: “Had I listened to you, it wouldn't have come to this.”

Arrange all chunks: then / just就jiùimprobable不会bú huì / ， / if倘若tǎng ruòat once当时dāng shíI / me我wǒto listen to听tīng(completed / change)了leyou你nǐif (coming after a…的话de huà / this way / so这样zhè yàng(completed / change)了le。

1205.4 if倘若tǎng ruò sounds natural in casual conversation.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1205.5 A contract sets out what happens if a delivery is late. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

(nominalizer)所suǒ + Verb + (modifier / structural particle)的de (that which is V-ed)

1206.1 Complete (formal): “the words he said” he / him他tā…………variant of 说说shuōif (coming after a…的话de huà

1206.2 Which order is correct?

• A. (nominalizer)所suǒI / me我wǒto know知道zhī dào(modifier / structural particle)的de
• B. I / me我wǒto know知道zhī dào(nominalizer)所suǒ(modifier / structural particle)的de
• C. I / me我wǒ(nominalizer)所suǒto know知道zhī dào(modifier / structural particle)的de
• D. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的de(nominalizer)所suǒto know知道zhī dào

1206.3 Build: “Everything we do is for the children.”

Arrange all chunks: we / us我们wǒ men(nominalizer)所suǒto make做zuò(modifier / structural particle)的de / all / both都dōuto be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le / child孩子hái zi。 / everything一切yī qiè

1206.4 see 众所周知众所周知zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī means “as everyone knows”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1206.5 In a formal letter you respond to a complaint point by point. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

A fresh situation

R1. Interpret and repair. An editor sees 通过培训tōng guò péi xùn，to make使shǐstaff员工yuán gōngto raise提高tí gāo(completed / change)了lecapability能力néng lì. Repair the missing main subject in two ways.

R2. Use it yourself. Contrast a neutral action on behalf of a class with a critical claim that charity is being used as a cover.

Write your responses before opening the key. Compare meaning as well as form; a different valid answer need not copy the model.