Noun phrases

Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.

all所有suǒ yǒu((modifier / structural particle)的de) + Noun (all)

Everyone in the room

• Your teacher makes an announcement to the whole school.
• all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的destudent学生xué shēngall / both都dōuwant / will / need要yàoto participate参加cān jiātomorrow明天míng tiān(modifier / structural particle)的deto take an exam考试kǎo shì。 – "All students must take tomorrow's exam."

all所有suǒ yǒu((modifier / structural particle)的de) + Noun + all / both都dōu

• all所有suǒ yǒu((modifier / structural particle)的de) + noun = "all (of the)": it covers every member of a group. all / both都dōu usually follows before the verb.
• (modifier / structural particle)的de is optional: 所有人suǒ yǒu rén, all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的dequestion问题wèn tí.

all所有suǒ yǒu的dequestions问题wèn tíall都dōusolved解决jiě jué了le。

As subject or as object

• Subject: 所有人suǒ yǒu rénall / both都dōuto agree同意tóng yì(completed / change)了le。 – "Everyone agreed."
• Object: I / me我wǒ看过kàn guòall所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的debook书shū。 – "I've read all the books." With the books as the topic, all / both都dōu alone does the job: these这些zhè xiēbook书shūI / me我wǒall / both都dōu看过kàn guò.

I我wǒread看kàn(experience)过guoall所有suǒ yǒu的debooks书shū。

Add all / both都dōu when it is the subject

• As a subject, all所有suǒ yǒu + noun normally needs all / both都dōu: all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的deperson人rénall / both都dōuto come来lái(completed / change)了le, not all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de人来rén lái(completed / change)了le.
• all所有suǒ yǒu goes before a noun; it is not an adverb: we / us我们wǒ menall / both都dōuto go去qù, not we / us我们wǒ menall所有suǒ yǒuto go去qù.

all所有suǒ yǒu versus everything一切yī qiè and whole全部quán bù

• everything一切yī qiè = everything, often abstract: everything一切yī qièall / both都dōucan / will会huìgood好hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的de – "Everything will be fine."
• whole全部quán bù = the whole, all of it: coin钱qiánwhole全部quán bù花完huā wán(completed / change)了le – "The money is all spent."

everything一切yí qièall都dōuwill会huìbe fine好hǎo的de。

Recap

• all所有suǒ yǒu((modifier / structural particle)的de) + noun + all / both都dōu + verb = all … (every one).
• Needs all / both都dōu as a subject; everything一切yī qiè = everything (abstract), whole全部quán bù = all of it.

Practise this pattern step by step.

… one of (sth)之一zhī yī (one of)

Showing friends the sights

• You are introducing China's great sights to visiting friends.
• the Great Wall长城cháng chéngto be / is是shìworld世界shì jiè(bound form) up上shàngmost最zuìfamous有名yǒu míng(modifier / structural particle)的deto construct建筑jiàn zhùone of (sth)之一zhī yī。 – "The Great Wall is one of the most famous structures in the world."

… one of (sth)之一zhī yī = one of …

• (group) + one of (sth)之一zhī yī = "one of (the group)": cause原因yuán yīnone of (sth)之一zhī yī, best最好zuì hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒuone of (sth)之一zhī yī.
• The group comes first, with one of (sth)之一zhī yī at the end.

he他tāis是shìmy我wǒbest最好zuì hǎo的defriends朋友péng youone of之一zhī yī。

Reasons, problems, features

• weather天气tiān qìno good不好bù hǎoto be / is是shìcompetition (sports etc)比赛bǐ sàito cancel取消qǔ xiāo(modifier / structural particle)的decause原因yuán yīnone of (sth)之一zhī yī。 – "Bad weather was one of the reasons the match was cancelled."
• panda熊猫xióng māoto be / is是shìChina中国zhōng guó(modifier / structural particle)的deemblem象征xiàng zhēngone of (sth)之一zhī yī。 – "The panda is one of China's symbols."

the panda熊猫xióng māois是shìChina's中国Zhōng guó的desymbols象征xiàng zhēngone of之一zhī yī。

one of (sth)之一zhī yī goes last

• Say best最好zuì hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒuone of (sth)之一zhī yī, not one of (sth)之一zhī yībest最好zuì hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒu (English word order).
• Do not add 一个yí gè: cause原因yuán yīnone of (sth)之一zhī yī, not 一个yí gècause原因yuán yīnone of (sth)之一zhī yī.

one of (sth)之一zhī yī and fractions

• (of — literary)之zhī also appears in fractions: one third三分之一sān fēn zhī yī = one third. In one of (sth)之一zhī yī alone, it means "one of".
• among其中qí zhōngone of (sth)之一zhī yī = one of them: 这三zhè sān本书běn shū，among其中qí zhōngone of (sth)之一zhī yīto be / is是shìI / me我wǒto write写xiě(modifier / structural particle)的de.

among them其中qí zhōngone之一zhī yīis是shìby me我wǒwritten写xiě的de。

Recap

• Group + one of (sth)之一zhī yī = one of …: most最zuìfamous有名yǒu míng(modifier / structural particle)的de…one of (sth)之一zhī yī, cause原因yuán yīnone of (sth)之一zhī yī.
• one of (sth)之一zhī yī goes last; no 一个yí gè in front; among其中qí zhōngone of (sth)之一zhī yī = one of them.

Practise this pattern step by step.

additional另外lìng wài + Number + MW + Noun (another)

Two more questions

• You have answered the first question in an interview, and the interviewer has more.
• I / me我wǒfurthermore还有hái yǒuadditional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gèquestion问题wèn tí。 – "I have another two questions."

additional另外lìng wài + number + MW + noun

• additional另外lìng wài + (number) + MW + noun = "another / the other": additional另外lìng wài一个yí gèperson人rén, additional另外lìng wài两本书liǎng běn shū.
• It can also take (modifier / structural particle)的de: additional另外lìng wài(modifier / structural particle)的demeans办法bàn fǎ – "another way".

the other另外lìng wàione一个yí gèperson人rénis是shìmy我wǒclassmate同学tóng xué。

The rest of a group

• 三个sān gè人里rén lǐ，一个yí gèto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī，additional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gèto be / is是shìstudent学生xué shēng。 – "Of the three, one is a teacher and the other two are students."
• additional另外lìng wài picks out the remaining members after one has been mentioned.

one一个yí gèis是shìa teacher老师lǎo shī，the other另外lìng wàitwo两个liǎng gèare是shìstudents学生xué sheng。

Order of additional另外lìng wài and the number

• Put additional另外lìng wài before the number: additional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gè, not 两个liǎng gèadditional另外lìng wài.
• additional另外lìng wài + noun phrase = the other / another; additional另外lìng wài，… at the start = in addition (a new point).

additional另外lìng wài versus else别的bié de and other其他qí tā

• else别的bié de = other (any other, unspecified): you你nǐfurthermore还有hái yǒuelse别的bié dequestion问题wèn tí(yes/no ?)吗ma？
• other其他qí tā = the other(s), the rest: 其他人qí tā rénall / both都dōuto walk走zǒu(completed / change)了le. additional另外lìng wài often comes with a number.

the other其他qí tāpeople人rénall都dōuleft走zǒu了le。

Recap

• additional另外lìng wài + number + MW + noun = another / the other …: additional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gèquestion问题wèn tí.
• additional另外lìng wài goes before the number; else别的bié de = any other; other其他qí tā = the rest.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Practice without the models

Choose a pattern, cover its teaching examples, and attempt its questions. Use the labels to find feedback in the separate key.

all所有suǒ yǒu((modifier / structural particle)的de) + Noun (all)

2201.1 Complete: “All the shops are closed.” all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的destore商店shāng diàn…………to close a door关门guān mén(completed / change)了le。

2201.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. we / us我们wǒ menall所有suǒ yǒuto come来lái(completed / change)了le。
• B. all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的deperson人rénall / both都dōuto come来lái(completed / change)了le。
• C. all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de人来rén lái(completed / change)了le。
• D. person人rénall所有suǒ yǒuall / both都dōuto come来lái(completed / change)了le。

2201.3 Build: “I've read all the books.”

Arrange all chunks: I / me我wǒ / book书shū。 / all所有suǒ yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de / 看过kàn guò

2201.4 everything一切yī qièall / both都dōucan / will会huìgood好hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的de means “Everything will be fine.”

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

2201.5 Your teacher makes an announcement to the whole school. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

… one of (sth)之一zhī yī (one of)

2202.1 Complete: “She is one of my best friends.” she / her她tāto be / is是shìI / me我wǒbest最好zuì hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒu…………。

2202.2 Which phrase is correct?

• A. 一个yí gèChina中国zhōng guó最大zuì dà(modifier / structural particle)的decity城市chéng shìone of (sth)之一zhī yī
• B. China中国zhōng guó最大zuì dà(modifier / structural particle)的decity城市chéng shìone of (sth)之一zhī yī
• C. China中国zhōng guóone of (sth)之一zhī yī最大zuì dà(modifier / structural particle)的decity城市chéng shì
• D. one of (sth)之一zhī yīChina中国zhōng guó最大zuì dà(modifier / structural particle)的decity城市chéng shì

2202.3 Build: “The panda is one of China's symbols.”

Arrange all chunks: panda熊猫xióng māo / one of (sth)之一zhī yī。 / to be / is是shì / China中国zhōng guó(modifier / structural particle)的deemblem象征xiàng zhēng

2202.4 among其中qí zhōngone of (sth)之一zhī yī means “one of them”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

2202.5 You are introducing China's great sights to visiting friends. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

additional另外lìng wài + Number + MW + Noun (another)

2203.1 Complete: “This one is mine; the other one is my brother's.” this这个zhè geto be / is是shìI / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的de，…………一个yí gèto be / is是shìI / me我wǒyounger brother弟弟dì di(modifier / structural particle)的de。

2203.2 Which phrase is correct?

• A. additional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gèstudent学生xué shēng
• B. additional另外lìng wàistudent学生xué shēng两个liǎng gè
• C. 两个liǎng gèadditional另外lìng wàistudent学生xué shēng
• D. 两个liǎng gèstudent学生xué shēngadditional另外lìng wài

2203.3 Build: “One is a teacher; the other two are students.”

Arrange all chunks: additional另外lìng wài两个liǎng gè / to be / is是shìstudent学生xué shēng。 / ， / 一个yí gèto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī

2203.4 you你nǐfurthermore还有hái yǒuelse别的bié dequestion问题wèn tí(yes/no ?)吗ma asks about any other questions.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

2203.5 You have answered the first question in an interview, and the interviewer has more. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

A fresh situation

R1. Interpret and repair. A class has many pupils and Wang Li (1900-1986), one of…王力wáng lìto be / is是shìbest最好zuì hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的destudent学生xué shēngone of (sth)之一zhī yī. Someone translates it as Wang Li is the only best pupil. Correct it.

R2. Use it yourself. Say you have two books and want another three, making the additional quantity clear.

Write your responses before opening the key. Compare meaning as well as form; a different valid answer need not copy the model.