مقدمة في الاقتصاد للأعمال التجارية
مُقدَّم| English | المعنى |
|---|---|
| scarcity/ˈskeəsɪti/ | الندرة |
| opportunity cost/ɒpəˈtjuːnɪti kɒst/ | تكلفة الفرصة البديلة |
| market/ˈmɑːkɪt/ | السوق |
| demand/dɪˈmænd/ | الطلب |
| supply/səˈplaɪ/ | العرض |
| equilibrium price/ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm praɪs/ | سعر التوازن |
Every choice has a cost
- Scarcity 稀缺性 means resources are limited but people's wants are not.
- A business cannot buy every machine, hire every worker, or run every advert. It must choose.
- The opportunity cost 机会成本 is the next best option given up when that choice is made.
Opportunity cost is the option you did not choose, quietly waving from the other queue.
مخبز اشتراك دراجة توصيل بدلاً من فرن ثانٍ. ما هي تكلفة الفرصة البديلة؟
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
تكلفة الفرصة البديلة هي الخيار الأفضل التالي، ليس كل التكاليف أو المال المدفوع.
Price is a signal
- In a market 市场, price links buyers and sellers.
- Demand 需求 is how much consumers are willing and able to buy at each price. A lower price usually leads to more demand.
- Supply 供给 is how much firms are willing and able to sell at each price. A higher price usually makes supply more attractive.
- These are tendencies, not promises. A firm still needs evidence about its own customers.
الطلب يعني أن المستهلكين مستعدين وقادرين على الشراء بسعر محدد.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
الرغبة في عنصر دون القدرة على دفع ثمنه لا تُعدّ طلباً في هذا النموذج.
طابق كل تغيير بتأثيره السوقي المعتاد.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
يصف النموذج ميلاً. ولا تزال الشركة الحقيقية تتحقق من أدلتها الخاصة.
The point where plans meet
- An equilibrium price 均衡价格 is the price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.
- Above it, a seller may have unsold stock. Below it, customers may want more than the firm can provide.
- A shortage is not automatically good news: it can mean disappointed customers and lost future sales.
عند أي سعر يكون السوق في حالة توازن؟
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التوازن هو التطابق بين الكمية التي يرغب المشترون فيها والكمية التي يعرضها البائعون.
A campus café has 80 sandwiches for lunch. At $3, students want 120. At$5, they want 50. At $4, about 80 want one.
The $4 price is useful because it matches today's supply. Choosing$3 may create a queue, but the opportunity cost is the sales the café cannot make once the sandwiches are gone.
في جملة إنجليزية واحدة، اذكر لماذا يناسب السعر 4$ مقهى الحرم الجامعي في المثال المحلول.
Difficulty 3/5 · 200 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
الرابط المفيد هو: الكمية المطلوبة = الكمية المعروضة، وليس مجرد "الطلاب يحبونه".
Name the choice and the next best alternative. “The opportunity cost is money” is too vague. “Buying a second oven means giving up a delivery bicycle” is an economic explanation.
Do not say demand means “how much people like something”. They must be able and willing to buy it at a stated price. A thousand likes do not pay a supplier.