أين تأتي وفورات الحجم
مُقدَّم| English | المعنى |
|---|---|
| internal economy of scale/ɪnˈtɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | اقتصاديات الحجم الداخلية |
| external economy of scale/ekˈstɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | اقتصاديات الحجم الخارجية |
A decision you can investigate
- A packaging firm orders larger batches of cardboard and appoints specialist managers. Nearby firms share access to trained workers and transport links.
- Some savings come from the firm itself; others come from its industry or location.
Build the explanation
- Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.
- External economies come from a shared skilled workforce, infrastructure, suppliers or nearby related businesses. The firm need not itself grow to benefit from improvements in its surrounding industry.
Work through the evidence
- An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan.
- A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
ما هي تكلفة التسويق لكل بيع بعد ارتفاع المبيعات إلى 300؟
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
قسّم نفس تكلفة الإعلان على 300 مبيعات: 600/300 = 2.
Test the limits
- Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands.
- Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
أي مما يلي يُمثل اقتصاداً إدارياً؟
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
الإدارة المتخصصة هي آلية داخلية يمكن أن تخفض التكلفة المتوسطة.
يمكن لمجموعة العمالة في صناعة محسنة أن تفيد شركة ما حتى بدون توسعها الخاص.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
البيئة المشتركة، وليس فقط حجم الشركة، يمكن أن تخلق اقتصاديات خارجية.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is the shared local supplier an external rather than an internal economy?
- It improves conditions available to several firms in the industry or area, rather than arising solely inside one firm.
لماذا قد يؤدي تنويع المنتجات إلى تحقيق اقتصادات تتحمل المخاطر؟
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
يمكن للأسواق المختلفة تعويض بعض التقلبات دون إزالة جميع المخاطر.
Use the terms precisely
- internal economy of scale 内部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from a firm’s own larger production scale.
- external economy of scale 外部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from growth or improved conditions in the industry or area.
طابق المصطلحات مع معانيها.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
يصف كل مصطلح آلية محددة في هذه الدرس.
An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan. A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands. Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.