间接引语 (reported speech) 用来转述别人说过的话,不用引号。常用 said 或 told:
- say 后面不接听话人:He said (that) …
- tell 后面要接听话人:He told me (that) …
他He 说said （连词）that 他he （过去）was 累tired.
他说他累了。(原话:"I am tired.")
注意 that 可省略:He said he was tired. 意思一样。
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8 间接引语
8.1
转述陈述句
直接 → 间接引语 8.2
时态后移
转述时,如果引述动词是过去时(said / told),从句的时态通常往后退一步:
- am / is → was;are → were;do / does → did。
- will → would;can → could;现在完成 / 一般过去 → 过去完成。
直接引语:"I will help you," she said.(原话)
间接引语：
她She 说said 她she 会would 帮help 我me.
她说她会帮我。(will → would,I → she,you → me)
人称和时间词也要变： I → he / she,now → then,today → that day,tomorrow → the next day。
注意 如果转述的是普遍真理,时态可以不后移:He said the sun rises in the east.
常见错误
- ❌ ~~He said me the truth.~~ / ~~He told that he was busy.~~ → ✓ He told me… / He said (that)… — say 不接听话人,tell 必须接听话人,正好相反。
- ❌ ~~He asked me where did I live.~~ → ✓ He asked me where I lived. — 转述疑问句要变回陈述语序,did 消失。
- ❌ ~~She asked me that I was hungry.~~ → ✓ She asked me if / whether I was hungry. — 转述一般疑问句用 if / whether,不用 that。
- ❌ ~~He said he will come tomorrow.~~ → ✓ He said he would come the next day. — 时态和时间词要一起后移。