Conservação da biodiversidade
International Baccalaureate · IB Diploma · Biology · HL Tópico 9 3:45 Narração em inglês · Legendas em inglês + 中文 gravadas
Capítulos
Transcrição
A site with many individuals can still be dominated by one species.
一个拥有大量个体的地点仍可能由单一物种占主导地位。
Abundance, richness and evenness 均匀度 describe different features of biodiversity.
丰富度、均匀度和多度描述了生物多样性的不同特征。
Species richness counts species.
物种丰富度统计物种数量。
Evenness concerns relative abundance.
均匀度关注相对丰度。
Conservation can protect habitats, populations or genetic diversity; a management judgement must state the conservation goal.
保护工作可以保护栖息地、种群或遗传多样性；管理判断必须明确保护目标。
Species richness is the number of species recorded.
物种丰富度是指记录的物种数量。
Evenness is how evenly individuals are distributed among species.
均匀度是指个体在物种间分布的均匀程度。
Compare surveys with similar area, effort, season, and identification rules.
比较调查时，需确保面积、工作量、季节及鉴定规则相似。
A diversity index is meaningful only with its formula and conventions specified.
多样性指数仅在明确指定公式与惯例时才具有意义。
Habitat fragmentation can affect movement and gene flow even when total area changes little.
即使总面积变化不大，栖息地破碎化仍可能影响物种迁移和基因流动。
In the lab: Use non-destructive field sampling approved by the school.
在实验室中，使用经学校批准的非破坏性野外采样方法。
Identify organisms with a suitable key and record uncertain identifications rather than inventing species.
使用合适的检索表鉴定生物，记录不确定的鉴定结果，而不是编造物种。
Combine ecological evidence with stakeholder perspectives on land use.
将生态证据与利益相关者对土地利用的观点相结合。
Known: site A has counts 8, 1 and 1; site B has 4, 3 and 3.
已知：A样地的计数为8、1和1；B样地为4、3和3。
Both have richness 3 and total abundance 10.
两者物种丰富度均为3，总丰度均为10。
The most abundant species occupies 80% in A and 40% in B.
优势种在A中占比80%，在B中占比40%。
B is more even under these counts.
根据这些计数，B的均匀度更高。
Your turn: A survey records 6, 5, 3 and 2 individuals in four species.
轮到你了。 一项调查记录了四个物种的个体数分别为6、5、3和2。
Find species richness.
求物种丰富度。
Pause the video and work it out.
请暂停视频，自己算一算。
Check: richness counts species, not individuals, so it is 4.
核对：丰富度数的是物种而非个体，所以是 4。
An index cannot by itself explain the cause of a difference.
仅凭指数本身无法解释差异的原因。
A newly recorded species may reflect improved observation rather than a recent ecological arrival.
新记录到的物种可能反映的是观测水平的提升，而非近期生态上的出现。
Not true: A larger total number of individuals always means greater species richness.
不正确。 个体总数更多并不总是意味着物种丰富度更高。
Richness counts how many species are present, not how many individuals.
丰富度统计的是存在的物种数量，而非个体数量。
Ten thousand individuals of one species give richness 1, while ten species with one individual each give richness 10.
一个物种的10000个个体的丰富度为1，而每个物种各1个个体的10个物种的丰富度为10。
Species richness counts species.
物种丰富度统计物种数量。
Compare surveys with similar area, effort, season, and identification rules.
比较调查时，需确保面积、工作量、季节和鉴定标准相似。
Watch for the fact that an index cannot by itself explain the cause of a difference.
请注意：指数本身无法解释差异产生的原因。
Counts are 5, 2, 2, 1, 1, and 1.
数量分别为5、2、2、1、1和1。
Find the species richness.
求物种丰富度。
Say why the total of 12 is not the richness.
说明为什么总数12不是丰富度。
The result is a richness of 6.
结果是物种丰富度为6。
Both sites have three species and ten individuals.
两个地点都有三个物种、十个个体。
At site A one species makes up 80 percent; at site B the most common makes up 40 percent, so B is more even.
A地一个物种占百分之八十；B地最常见的物种占百分之四十，因此B地更均匀。
Site A has counts 9,1,0; B has 4,3,3.
A 样地的计数为 9、1、0；B 样地的计数为 4、3、3。
Compare richness and dominance.
比较物种丰富度和优势度。
Explain one sampling limitation.
解释一种采样局限性。
A has richness 2 and B has richness 3; the largest shares are 90 percent and 40 percent.
A 的物种丰富度为 2，B 为 3；最大优势种所占比例分别为 90% 和 40%。
B is more even in these samples.
在这些样本中，B 更均匀。
Comparable effort and detection matter; a zero observation does not prove absence.
取样努力和检出率需要可比；某个物种计数为零并不能证明它不存在。
Pause and check yourself. Explain each point on screen in your own words, then change one number in the last example and say which assumption must still hold.
暂停一下，自我检查：用自己的话解释屏幕上的每个要点，再改动最后一个例子中的一个数字，说明哪个假设仍然必须成立。