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是……的 — how, when and where it happened
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A friend has just arrived
- Your friend has already arrived in Beijing. You know that; you want to ask how and when.
- you你to be / is是how / why怎么come来(modifier / structural particle)的？ — "How did you come?" I我to be / is是坐飞机come来(modifier / structural particle)的。 — "I came by plane."
to be / is是 + detail + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的
- Use to be / is是……(modifier / structural particle)的 for an action that has already happened, to stress a detail: how, when, where or with whom.
- The detail goes after to be / is是, and (modifier / structural particle)的 comes after the verb: I我to be / is是yesterday昨天come来(modifier / structural particle)的, I came yesterday.
I我是yesterday昨天come来的。
Complete: “I came yesterday.” 我是昨天来____。
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是……的 frames the detail 昨天; 的 comes after the verb 来.
Build: “I came by plane.”
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是 + how (坐飞机) + verb + 的.
Asking about the detail
- Ask how, when, where or with whom: you你to be / is是at在where哪儿buy买(modifier / structural particle)的？ — "Where did you buy it?" you你to be / is是with / and跟who谁to go去(modifier / structural particle)的？ — "Who did you go with?"
- Answer with the same frame: I我to be / is是at在store商店buy买(modifier / structural particle)的, I bought it in a shop.
you你是at在where哪儿buy买的？
You want to know where your friend bought her bag. Which question fits?
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是 + where (在哪儿) + verb + 的 asks about the place of a past action.
to be / is是 can be left out, (modifier / structural particle)的 cannot
- In speech, to be / is是 is often dropped: I我yesterday昨天come来(modifier / structural particle)的. The (modifier / structural particle)的 must stay.
- Negative: I我no不是坐飞机come来(modifier / structural particle)的。 — "I didn't come by plane." not不 goes before to be / is是.
Watch out
- to be / is是……(modifier / structural particle)的 is for actions that have already happened. For a future plan, say I我tomorrow明天坐飞机to go去, not I我to be / is是tomorrow明天坐飞机to go去(modifier / structural particle)的.
- It stresses a detail of a known event. To report that something happened at all, use (completed / change)了: he / him他come来(completed / change)了.
我是明天坐飞机去的 is a good way to describe a plan for tomorrow.
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False. 是……的 is for actions that have already happened. For a plan, say 我明天坐飞机去.
Recap
- to be / is是 + when/how/where/with whom + verb + (modifier / structural particle)的 stresses a detail of a past action: I我to be / is是坐飞机come来(modifier / structural particle)的.
- to be / is是 can be dropped; (modifier / structural particle)的 cannot. Negative: no不是……(modifier / structural particle)的. Not for future plans.
A classmate asks about your last trip. Say when you went, how you travelled and who you went with. Close the examples. Say it, then write it in Chinese.
Compare meaning and word order with the model; your sentences need not copy it. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken version to comment on pronunciation.