0625 Physics November 2025 Question Paper 41

1 A train travels with a constant velocity of 56 m / s on a horizontal track. The mass of the train is 440 000 kg.

(a) State the difference between the velocity of the train and its speed [1]

(b) Calculate the kinetic energy stored in the moving train.

kinetic energy = [2]

(c) (i) The train has a uniform deceleration of 1.2 m / s2.

Calculate the constant braking force which brings the train to rest.

force = [2]

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the train as it comes to rest.

distance = [3]

[Total: 8] , ,

2 Table 2.1 contains information about the planet Mars. Table 2.1 mass 6.4 × 1023 kg gravitational field strength at surface 3.7 N / kg average density 3900 kg / m3

(a) Define gravitational field strength [1]

(b) (i) An object has a weight of 42 N at the surface of the Earth.

Calculate the weight of the object at the surface of Mars.

weight = [2]

(ii) Calculate the volume of Mars.

volume = [2] , ,

(c) Fig. 2.1 shows a space buggy that is tested on Earth. The buggy is travelling at a constant speed in a straight line. The driving force on the buggy is 30 N. 30N Fig. 2.1

(i) Draw and label one arrow on Fig. 2.1 to show the size and direction of the resistive forces on the buggy. [2]

(ii) Air resistance on Mars is less than air resistance on Earth.

The same driving force, 30 N, is exerted on the buggy on Mars.

1. State the effect this has on the resultant force on the buggy on Mars 2. State the relationship between resistive forces, driving force and resultant force [1]

[Total: 8] , ,

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a simplified diagram of a solar cell. conducting material in solar cell light black coating positive contact negative contact V Fig. 3.1

(a) Describe the energy transfer in the solar cell [2]

(b) Suggest how the black coating allows the solar cell to transfer more energy [1]

(c) 0.72 kW of light is incident on the solar cell in Fig. 3.1. The cell has an efficiency of 75%.

(i) Calculate the output power of the cell.

output power = [2]

(ii) State the meaning of the term kilowatt-hour (kWh) [1] , ,

(iii) Energy is produced by each solar cell for an average of 6 hours per day. A household uses approximately 7400 kWh of electrical energy per year.

Calculate the number of solar cells needed to produce energy for one household. Give your answer as a whole number of solar cells.

number of solar cells = [3]

[Total: 9] , ,

4 (a) A 12 V, 50 W immersion heater is used to heat 0.15 kg of water in a beaker. The water is initially at a room temperature of 20 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the energy supplied to raise the temperature of the water from 20 °C to 58 °C.

energy = [3]

(b) The immersion heater is removed from the beaker.

One metal rod and one plastic rod are placed in the beaker of hot water as shown in Fig. 4.1. The rods are at room temperature (20 °C) before they are placed into the beaker. X X metal rod beaker plastic rod point X is 2 cm from the end of the rod hot water Fig. 4.1

Describe how the temperature of point X on each rod changes after the rods are placed in the beaker. Explain your answer [4]

[Total: 7] , ,

5 A dolphin communicates with other dolphins underwater by emitting sounds in the range 7–15 kHz.

(a) State the value of the speed of sound in air and state how the speed of sound in water differs from the speed of sound in air.

speed of sound in air m / s

speed of sound in water [1]

(b) State and explain if humans with normal hearing can hear all the sounds emitted by the dolphin. statement explanation [2]

(c) Complete Table 5.1 to describe differences in loudness and pitch of two different dolphin sounds. Table 5.1 Frequency / kHz amplitude loudness pitch 14 large 8 small

[2]

(d) Complete the sentences to describe how sound is transmitted through water.

Sound waves are made of vibrating which produce

compressions and rarefactions. A compression is a region of and a rarefaction is a region of The sound waves travel

to the direction of the vibrations.

[3]

[Total: 8] , ,

6 Fig. 6.1 shows part of an optical fibre used in high-speed broadband communication. ray of light optical fibre Fig. 6.1

(a) State two advantages of using optical fibres in high-speed data transmission compared to electrical signals sent on copper wires [2]

(b) (i) The optical fibre is made of glass with a refractive index of 1.4.

Calculate the critical angle c.

c = [3]

(ii) State the meaning of critical angle [1]

(iii) On Fig. 6.1, label the angle of incidence of the ray of light as it hits the wall of the glass fibre. Draw the continuation of the ray until it leaves the glass fibre. [2]

[Total: 8] , ,

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a circuit containing a 6.0 V battery of cells and three identical resistors. A R1 6.0 V R3 R2 S1 S2 Fig. 7.1

(a) S1 is closed and S2 is open. The current in the ammeter is 0.080 A.

Calculate the resistance of R1.

resistance = [2]

(b) S1 and S2 are both closed.

(i) Determine the reading on the ammeter. Show your working.

ammeter reading = [3]

(ii) Explain in terms of work done and potential difference why there is a larger heating effect in R3 than in R1 [2]

[Total: 7] , ,

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a solenoid. Fig. 8.1

(a) (i) Draw on Fig. 8.1 four complete magnetic field lines that show the pattern and direction of the magnetic field inside and outside the solenoid. [4]

(ii) Mark a point inside the box in Fig. 8.1 where the magnetic field is strong. Label this point B.

Explain how the diagram shows that the magnetic field is strong at B. explanation [1] , ,

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a solenoid in an electric circuit for a bell. solenoid soft iron arm contacts springy metal bell striker Fig. 8.2

(i) Complete the circuit in Fig. 8.2 with the symbol for a direct current (d.c.) power supply.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the soft iron arm pivots, making the striker hit the bell when the switch is closed [2]

(iii) Explain why the arm pivots back to its original position after the striker hits the bell [2]

[Total: 10] , ,

9 (a) Describe the structure of an atom of helium-4, 2 4He [3]

(b) The Sun is a medium-sized star powered by nuclear fusion reactions which release energy.

(i) State what happens during nuclear fusion reactions which form helium [2]

(ii) State two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum by which the Sun radiates most of its energy [2]

(c) Describe what happens to a star when most of the fuel in its centre has been converted to helium [2]

[Total: 9] , ,

10 Fig. 10.1 shows the orbit of the Earth and the orbit of a comet around the Sun. A B Sun Fig. 10.1

(a) State which orbit, A or B, is the orbit of the comet.

Explain your answer.

orbit of comet is explanation [1]

(b) Describe and explain how the motion of the comet changes as it orbits the Sun [2]

(c) At one position in its orbit, the comet is 6.6 × 10–6 light-years away from the Earth.

(i) State the meaning of light-year [1]

(ii) Determine the distance in metres between the comet and the Earth.

distance = m [2]

[Total: 6] , ,