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1 Binary is a number system used by computers.

(a) Tick (3) one box to show which statement about the binary number system is correct.

A It is a base 1 system

B It is a base 2 system

C It is a base 10 system

D It is a base 16 system

[1]

(b) Denary numbers are converted to binary numbers to be processed by a computer.

Convert these three denary numbers to 8‑bit binary numbers. 50 102 221 [3]

Working space (c) Binary numbers are stored in registers.

Negative denary numbers can be represented as binary using two’s complement.

Complete the binary register for the denary number –78

You must show all your working. Working space Register:

[2]

(d) Two 8‑bit binary numbers are given.

Add the two 8‑bit binary numbers using binary addition.

Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

[3]

(e) Two binary numbers are added by a computer and an overflow error occurs.

Explain why the overflow error occurred [2]

2 A student has a sound file that is too large to be stored on their external secondary storage device. The student compresses the sound file to make the file size smaller.

The compression method used reduces the sample rate and the sample resolution of the sound file.

(a) State what is meant by the sample rate and sample resolution. Sample rate Sample resolution [2]

(b) Identify which type of compression has been used to compress the sound file [1]

(c) The student sends the sound file to a friend. The file is transmitted across a network that uses packet switching.

(i) Identify two pieces of data that would be included in the header of each packet. 1 2 [2]

(ii) Explain how the file is transmitted using packet switching [5]

3 Secondary storage devices are used to store data in a computer.

(a) Circle three components that are secondary storage devices.

central processing unit (CPU) compact disk (CD)

hard disk drive (HDD) random access memory (RAM) read only memory (ROM)

register sensor solid‑state drive (SSD)

[3]

(b) Tick (3) one box to show which statement about secondary storage is correct.

A It is directly accessed by the CPU.

B It is magnetic storage only.

C It is used to permanently store software and data files.

D It is volatile.

[1]

4 Complete the statements about different types of software.

Use the terms from the list.

Some of the terms in the list will not be used. You should only use a term once. application assembly language bootloader central processing unit (CPU) firmware hardware operating output system user

software provides the services that the computer requires; an example is utility software software is run on the operating system.

The system is run on the firmware, which is run on the [4]

5 A farm has an automated drinking system for its animals. The drinking system has a water bowl that contains the water. When the water bowl is empty, it is automatically refilled.

The system uses a sensor and a microprocessor.

(a) Identify the most appropriate sensor for this system [1]

(b) Describe how the sensor and the microprocessor are used to automatically refill the water bowl [6]

6 A user wants to connect their computer to a network.

(a) (i) Identify the component in the computer that is needed to access a network [1]

(ii) Identify the type of address that is allocated to the component by the manufacturer, which is used to uniquely identify the device [1]

(b) A dynamic internet protocol (IP) address is allocated to the computer when it is connected to the network.

(i) Identify the device on the network that can connect multiple devices and automatically assign them an IP address [1]

(ii) Describe what is meant by a dynamic IP address [3]

7 A programmer uses a low‑level language to write a computer program for a vending machine.

(a) Describe what is meant by a low‑level language [2]

(b) Give two reasons why the programmer would choose to write the computer program in a low‑level language instead of a high‑level language. 1 2 [2]

8 A manager at a company is concerned about a brute‑force attack on its employee user accounts.

(a) Describe how a brute‑force attack can be used to gain access to the employee user accounts [3]

(b) One possible aim for carrying out a brute‑force attack is to install malware onto the company network.

(i) State two other aims for carrying out a brute‑force attack to gain access to the employee user accounts. 1 2 [2]

(ii) Identify three types of malware that could be installed. 1 2 3 [3]

(c) Give two security solutions that could be used to help prevent a brute‑force attack being successful. 1 2 [2]

9 A company uses robots in its factory to manufacture large pieces of furniture.

(a) One characteristic of a robot is that it is programmable.

State two other characteristics of a robot. 1 2 [2]

(b) Give two advantages to company employees of using robots to manufacture large pieces of furniture. 1 2 [2]

(c) Give one disadvantage to the company’s owners of using robots to manufacture large pieces of furniture [1]

10 A student uses the internet for their schoolwork to research what is meant by pharming.

(a) State the aim of pharming [1]

(b) Draw and annotate a diagram to represent the process of pharming.

[4]

(c) The student uses a web browser to access data on the internet.

Explain the purpose of the web browser [2]

(d) Storing cookies is one function of the web browser.

Give three other functions of the web browser. 1 2 3 [3]

(e) A student visits a website that uses session cookies, instead of persistent cookies.

Explain the difference between session cookies and persistent cookies [4]